Development Gaps in ASEAN as Crucial Security Issues: A Challenge to ASEAN Integration
Main Article Content
Abstract
The ASEAN development gap is the disparity that exists between the ASEAN 6 and CLMV groups. The challenge for ASEAN’s integration isthat the increasingly globalized world and current community-building process of ASEAN could turn the region into the included and the non-include, unless ASEAN can finds appropriate approaches to sustainable bridging the crucial development gaps among itself. Such possibility would threaten the stability of ASEAN from within rather than from outside. This paper provides the discussion on the income gap, the infrastructure gap, trade gap and the institutional gap in order to understand possible outcomes and on what has to be prioritized in the community-building process of ASEAN. Lastly, this paper focuses on regional institution-building and caring far the most vulnerable as the new ASEAN way to bridging the development gaps and for a sustainable ASEAN community in the future.
Article Details
Copyright in the manuscript and published article is held by the author(s). Authors are responsible for obtaining permission from copyright holders for reproducing any third party material in their articles (including illustrations, tables, or figures).
References
ASEAN Secretariat, ‘ASEAN Economic Integration Brief’ (2017)
Brooks, D., Hasan, R., Lee, J.-W., Son, H. And Zhuang, J, Closing Development Gaps: Challenges and Policy Option (ADB Economics Working Paper Series, No.209, 2010)14-17.
Giang, Bui Truong, ‘ASEAN’s Perceptions on Security, Economic Security and Development Gap in ASEAN’ (2004) World Economic Problems Review 5(97), 164-180.
Hartley K, ‘ASEAN’s Broadband Infrastructure Imperative’ (2016)
International Energy Agency (IEA), ‘Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2017’ (2017) accessed 8 February 2018.
Livingsean, ‘8 ASEAN Countries Fare Badly on Corruption Index’ (2017)
Menon J, Narrowing the Development Divide in ASEAN: The Role of Policy (ADB Working Paper Series on Regional Economic Integration, No.78, 2012) 5-9.
Nesadurai Helen E.S, The Indo-Chinese Enlargement in ASEAN: Implications for Regional Economic Integration (Working Paper No.56, 2003) 6-12.
Perdiguero A, ‘Infrastructure Financing Challenge in Southeast Asia’ (2017)
Ramirez, B & Pooittiwong, A ‘ASEAN Economic Integration: Opportunities and Challenges that Lie Ahead’ (International Policy Digest, 2016)
Sen Amartya, Development as Freedom (Knopf Press 1999).
Todaro M, Economic Development (8th edn, Pearson Education 2003).
Vannarith, C, ‘Narrowing the Development Gap in ASEAN’ (Khmer Times, 9 Jan 2018) accessed 6 February 2018.
Volt U, Economic Cooperation in ASEAN and the rise of China. (Paper prepared for Conference on Regenerations: New Leaders, New Visions in Southeast Asia, organised by the Council of Southeast Asian Studies, Yale University, 1-12 November, 2005).