Academic Journal of Mahamakut Buddhist University Roi Et Campus

STRUCTURAL VIOLENCE AND IDENTITY CRISIS: ANALYZING MAGGIE JOHNSON’S SUICIDE IN STEPHEN CRANE’S MAGGIE: A GIRL OF THE STREETS THROUGH THE LENS OF AMERICAN NATURALIST LITERATURE

Boonlert Wongprom — 2025-08-22

Maggie: A Girl of the Streets by Stephen Crane depicts the tragic downfall of a young woman trapped in the oppressive society of nineteenth-century urban America. This study investigates Maggie Johnson's identity crisis through her interactions with three urban environments: the tenement house, the saloons, and the streets, with each representing a factor that fragments her existence. Throughout the book, violence, exploitation, and social exclusion gradually erase her identity, transforming her into a transparent being whose existence is not acknowledged. The study uses close reading to explore Crane’s narrative techniques and symbolism to reveal how space and society force Maggie to be victim. It also emphasizes the poverty and fragility that offers no space for the poor, innocent girl to survive in a harsh environment. The analysis suggests that Maggie’s unconscious suicide was caused by external forces rather than her own actions. Her path exemplifies the deterministic structures of American naturalism, in which the environment determines destiny. Finally, Maggie: A Girl of the Streets criticizes a society that not only fails to protect its most vulnerable members but also actively contributes to their demise, leaving them with no refuge but oblivion. It stands as a significant lesson in the historical record that Crane conveys: structural violence can occur to anyone, not only to Maggie and not only in her time.

GUIDELINES FOR TEACHER DEVELOPMENT IN PROMOTING CLASSROOM RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS UNDER THE OFFICE OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION KHON KAEN PROVINCE

Watcharadon Enon — 2025-05-26

This research aimed 1) to study the current conditions, the desired conditions, and the needs. 2) To study guidelines for developing teachers in promoting classroom action research in educational institutions under the Khon Kaen Provincial Office of Vocational Education. This was mixed-methods research. The sample group consisted of 53 school administrators and 248 teachers, totaling 301 participants. Research instruments included a five-level Likert scale questionnaire, semi-structured interview forms, and an assessment form for suitability and feasibility. Data analysis employed percentage, mean, standard deviation, priority needs index (PNI), and content analysis.

The research showed that: 1) The current conditions, desired conditions, and needs regarding the promotion of classroom action research in institutions under the Khon Kaen Provincial Office of Vocational Education were all found to be at a high level. The priority needs were ranked in descending order as follows: 1) policy formulation and classroom research planning, 2) budget support for teachers conducting classroom research, and 3) promotion of career advancement for teachers engaging in classroom research. 2) Guidelines for developing teachers in promoting classroom action research in these institutions consisted of six areas with a total was 20 guidelines 1) Policy formulation and classroom research had 4 guidelines. 2) Budget support for classroom had 3 guidelines. 3) Promotion of career advancement for teachers conducting had 3 guidelines. 4) Recognition and respect for teachers conducting had 3 guidelines. 5) Enhancing teachers’ knowledge of classroom had 3 guidelines. 6) Creating a supportive atmosphere and environment for classroom had 4 guidelines. These strategies were assessed by experts as being highly appropriate and feasible.

GUIDELINES FOR INNOVATIVE LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS UNDER SAKON NAKHON PRIMARY EDUCATIONAL SERVICE AREA OFFICE 3

Fuangfa Phansaensao — 2025-05-26

The purposes of this research were to: 1) study the innovative leadership for school administrators and, 2) find the guidelines for innovative leadership development of school administrators under Sakon Nakhon Primary Educational Service Area Office 3. The research process was divided into 2 phases. Phase 1 was to study the innovative leadership of school administrators under Sakon Nakhon Primary Educational Service Area Office 3, based on five key components: 1) Vision for change, 2) Creativity, 3) Teamwork and participation, 4) Risk management, and 5) Creating an innovative organization. The sample consisted of 130 school administrators selected through simple random sampling. The research tool used was a questionnaire, with a reliability coefficient of .914. Data analysis was conducted using frequency and percentage statistics. Phase 2 was to find guidelines for innovative leadership development of school administrators under Sakon Nakhon Primary Educational Service Area Office 3. The data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with nine selected informants, including 3 educational administrators, 3 school administrators, and 3 experts in innovation. The data were analyzed using content analysis.

The results were as follows: 1. The innovative leadership of school administrators under the Office of the Primary Educational Service Area, Sakon Nakhon District 3, was generally at a high level. When considering each aspect, the 3 highest-rated aspects are Vision for change, Creativity and Creating an innovative organization, which are at the same level. The other two aspects, Teamwork and participation and Risk management, are rated at a high level. 2. The development strategies for the innovative leadership of these school administrators in five areas were: 1) Vision for change, 2) Creativity, 3) Teamwork and participation, 4) Risk management, and 5) Creating an innovative organization. A total of 24 development strategies was identified.

GUIDELINES DEVELOPING CONFLICT MANAGEMENT OF ADMINISTRATORS UNDER ROI ET PRIMARY EDUCATIONAL SERVICE AREA OFFICE 3

Ketwadee Namsron — 2025-05-26

The research aimed were to study 1) the current conditions, desirable conditions, and the needs of conflict management of administrators under Roi Et Primary Educational Service Area Office 3 and 2) the guidelines developing conflict management of administrators under Roi Et Primary Educational Service Area Office 3. The sample group was 39 school administrators and 278 teachers. The research instruments were rating scale questionnaire, the current condition had the reliability of the whole document equal to .853 and the desirable condition had the reliability of the entire document equal to .909, structured interview and the assessment of suitability and feasibility of the Guidelines. The statistics that used for data analysis were percentage, mean, frequency, standard deviation, Index of Item Objective Congruence, Cronbach's alpha coefficient; α and Priority Needs Index (PNI_modified).

The findings of this research were as follows: 1) The overall current condition and desirable condition of conflict management of administrators was in the high level and the priority of needs was sorted in descending order including concession, compromise, overcoming, collaboration and avoidance, respectively. 2) Guidelines developing conflict management of administrators under Roi Et Primary Educational Service Area Office 3 covered 5 elements. The assessment result found that both of suitability and feasibility of guidelines developing conflict management of administrators under Roi Et Primary Educational Service Area Office 3 were in the highest level.

THE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM TO ENHANCE DIGITAL LEADERSHIP OF TEACHERS IN THE KALASIN PRIMARY EDUCATIONAL SERVICE AREA OFFICE 2

Pornjira Wichachai — 2025-05-26

This study aimed to 1) examine the current conditions, desired conditions, and needs for enhancing digital leadership among teachers, and 2) develop and evaluate a digital leadership enhancement program for teachers under the Kalasin Primary Educational Service Area Office 2. A mixed-methods research design was employed. The sample consisted of 307 school administrators and teachers, selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a rating scale questionnaire. Program development and evaluation were conducted with input from three purposively selected experts. The research instruments included a semi-structured interview and an evaluation form assessing the appropriateness and feasibility of the program. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and the Modified Priority Needs Index (PNI_modified).

The research findings revealed that: 1) The current level of teachers’ digital leadership was moderate, while the desired level was rated as very high. The areas with the highest identified needs were: the use of digital technology in teaching and learning, digital citizenship, and digital collaboration, respectively. Digital communication showed the lowest level of need. 2) The developed digital leadership enhancement program consisted of five main components: principles, objectives, content, development process, and assessment and evaluation. The content was divided into four modules: the use of digital technology in teaching and learning, digital collaboration, digital communication, and digital citizenship. The overall evaluation of the program indicated that it was highly appropriate and feasible for implementation among teachers under the Kalasin Primary Educational Service Area Office 2.

THE GUIDELINES FOR CREATING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMMUNITIES AND SCHOOLS UNDER THE SAKON NAKHON PRIMARY EDUCATIONAL SERVICE AREA OFFICE 2

Paphawadee Arunno — 2025-05-26

The objectives of this article were: 1) to study the actual states, expected states, and needs of creating relationship between communities and schools under the Sakon Nakhon Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, 2) to study the guidelines of creating relationship between communities and schools under the Sakon Nakhon Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, and 3) to assess the guidelines of creating relationship between communities and schools under the Sakon Nakhon Primary Educational Service Area Office 2. The sample were 331 teachers and 17 important informants. The research instrument was a five rating-scale questionnaire. The reliability of the actual state was 0.96 and the expected state was 0.98. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation.

The findings of this research were as follows: 1. The actual state of creating relationship between communities and schools under the Sakon Nakhon Primary Educational Service Area Office 2 was at a high level, the expected state was at the highest level. The need is ranked from most to least as follows: community support, community service, creating relationship with communities and other agencies, public relation, and participation. 2. The guidelines of creating relationship between communities and schools under the Sakon Nakhon Primary Educational Service Area Office 2 had 5 components, 15 approaches that components consisted of community support with 2 approaches, community service with 3 approaches, creating relationship with communities and other agencies with 4 approaches, public relation with 3 approaches, and participation with 3 approaches. They were confirmed applicable by experts. 3. The guidelines of creating relationship between communities and schools under the Sakon Nakhon Primary Educational Service Area Office 2 were at the highest level in utility, feasibility, propriety, and accuracy.

DEVELOPMENT OF A PROGRAM TO STRENGTHEN LEARNING MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP OF TEACHERS UNDER THE SECONDARY EDUCATION SERVICE AREA OFFICE OF MAHASARAKHAM

Jiraporn Chankhong — 2025-06-04

This research aimed (1) to examine the current and desired states, as well as the needs, regarding leadership in learning management among teachers, and (2) to develop and evaluate a program designed to enhance such leadership among teachers under the jurisdiction of the Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Maha Sarakham. A mixed-methods research design was employed. The sample included 314 teachers, three key informants for learning management, and five experts for program evaluation. Research instruments comprised a questionnaire, a semi-structured interview protocol, and a program appropriateness and feasibility assessment form. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and the Priority Needs Index (PNI).

The findings revealed that; 1) the current level of leadership in learning management among teachers was at a moderate level, while the desired level was rated highest. The needs, ranked in descending order of PNI, were as follows: learning management processes; curriculum development and implementation; leadership in educational change; and vision for learning management. 2) The developed program consisted of principles, objectives, content, development processes, and assessment methods. The evaluation results indicated that both the appropriateness and feasibility of the program were rated at the highest level.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PROGRAM TO ENHANCE TEACHERS COMPETENCY IN ACTIVE LEARNING MANAGEMENT IN SMALL-SIZED SCHOOLS UNDER THE OFFICE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION SERVICE AREA KALASIN

Suwanna Klaharn — 2025-06-04

This research aimed to 1) to investigate the current conditions, desired conditions, and needs for enhancing teachers’ competencies in active learning management, and 2) to develop and evaluate a competency enhancement program for teachers in active learning management, specifically targeting small schools under the jurisdiction of the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Kalasin. A mixed-methods research design was employed. The sample consisted of 187 teachers selected through stratified random sampling. Research instruments included questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and a program suitability and feasibility assessment form. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and the Priority Needs Index (PNI).

The findings revealed that; 1) the current level of teachers’ competencies in active learning management was moderate, whereas the desired level was rated highest. The prioritized needs for competency enhancement, ranked from highest to lowest, were: knowledge of active learning management, skills in active learning management, and characteristics related to active learning management. The developed enhancement program comprised principles, objectives, content and activities, development methods, and evaluation procedures. 2) The program content was structured into three modules: (1) knowledge of active learning management, (2) skills in active learning management, and (3) characteristics required for effective active learning management. The evaluation results indicated that both the program's suitability and feasibility were rated at the highest level.

CHARACTERISTICS OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS AFFECTING THE WORKPLACE HAPPINESS OF PERSONNEL IN SCHOOLS UNDER THE SECONDARY EDUCATIONAL SERVICE AREA OFFICE MUKDAHAN

Watcharaphon Huaisai — 2025-06-06

The objectives of this research were to; 1) Study the level of characteristics of school administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Mukdahan, 2) Study the level of the workplace happiness of personnel in schools under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Mukdahan,3) Study the relationship between the characteristics of school administrators and the workplace happiness of personnel in schools under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Mukdahan and 4) Study of the characteristics of school administrators that affect the workplace happiness of personnel in schools under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Mukdahan. The samples used in the research were 273 school administrators, deputy directors of schools, and teachers under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Mukdahan. The statistics used to analyze the data were percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The statistics used to test the hypothesis were Pearson Product's Moment Correlation Coefficient and Stepwise Multiple Regression.

The research findings were as follows: 1) Characteristics of educational administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Mukdahan as an overall was at the highest level. It was also at the highest level for each aspect. 2) The workplace happiness of personnel in schools under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Mukdahan as an overall was at the highest level. It was also at the highest level for each aspect. 3) Characteristics of educational institution administrators and the workplace happiness of personnel in school Under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Mukdahan There is a high level of positive correlation (rxy=0.665) with statistical significance at the .01 level. 4) Characteristics of school administrators included: decision (X₁), Communication (X₄), and creative thinking (X₃), These predictors could affect and predict 78.1% of the Happiness of personnel in schools with statistical significance at the .01 level.

SKILLS OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS IN THE 21ST CENTURY THAT AFFECT THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE NAKHON RATCHASIMA SECONDARY EDUCATIONAL SERVICE AREA OFFICE

Chanyut Jantakul — 2025-06-17

This research pointed to study 1) the skills of school administrators in the 21st century in the Nakhon Ratchasima Secondary Educational Service Area Office, 2) the effectiveness of educational institutions in the Nakhon Ratchasima Secondary Educational Service Area Office, 3) the relationship between the skills of school administrators in the 21st century and the effectiveness of educational institutions in the Nakhon Ratchasima Secondary Education Service Area Office, and 4) the skills of school administrators in the 21st century that can anticipate the effectiveness of educational institutions in the Nakhon Ratchasima Secondary Education Service Area Office. This research assigned the experimental group as 314 educational personnel under the Nakhon Ratchasima Secondary Education Service Area Office, consisting of 50 administrators and 264 teachers, by stratified random sampling. The researcher collected data using a 5-level rating scale questionnaire. The data were analyzed by using percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression analysis.

The research results showed that 1) The skills of school administrators in the 21st century, in general, were at a high level. 2) The effectiveness of educational institutions, in general, was at a high level. 3) The skills of school administrators in the 21st century and the effectiveness of educational institutions in general, there is a clear consistency in the same direction (𝑟𝑥𝑦 =0.765) with statistical significance at the .01 level. 4) There are 4 of 5 skills of school administrators in the 21st century, can predict the effectiveness of educational institutions with statistical significance. The multiple regression analysis equation can be written in the form of raw scores as follows:

Y´ = 2.345 + 0.420(X₅) + 0.295(X₂) + 0.185(X₃) + 0.150(X1)

And the multiple regression analysis equation can be written in the form of standard scores as follows:

Z´ = 0.455(ZX₅) + 0.315(ZX₂) + 0.198(ZX₃) + 0.172(ZX₁)

ACADEMIC LEADERSHIP AND SCHOOL EFFECTIVENESS: A STUDY OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS' IMPACT IN NAKHON RATCHASIMA SECONDARY EDUCATIONAL SERVICE AREA OFFICE

Poramin Tonam — 2025-07-01

This research aimed to: 1) study the academic leadership of school administrators, 2) study the level of school effectiveness under the Nakhon Ratchasima Secondary Education at Service Area Office, 3) study the relationship between academic leadership of school administrators and school effectiveness, and 4) study the predictive power of academic leadership of school administrators on school effectiveness under Nakhon Ratchasima Secondary Education Service Area Office. The sample consisted of 314 school administrators and teachers under Nakhon Ratchasima Secondary Education Service Area Office. The research instrument was a 5-point rating scale questionnaire with validity coefficients ranging from 0.80-1.00, reliability coefficient of 0.82, and discrimination power ranging from 0.65-0.79. The statistics used for data analysis included percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression analysis.

The research findings revealed that: 1) The level of academic leadership of school administrators under Nakhon Ratchasima Secondary Education Service Area Office was overall at a high level. 2) The level of school effectiveness under Nakhon Ratchasima Secondary Education Service Area Office was overall at a high level. 3)The correlation coefficient analysis revealed that academic leadership of school administrators had a positive relationship with school effectiveness at moderate to high levels, particularly in creating learning atmosphere and culture, which showed the highest correlation. This indicates that leaders who can motivate and support the academic development of teachers and students significantly impact school effectiveness. Meanwhile, developing teaching and learning management showed the lowest correlation, suggesting that certain characteristics of leadership may have different influences on school efficiency. 4) The academic leadership of school administrators under Nakhon Ratchasima Secondary Education Service Area Office that was analyzed through stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that X₅ it was the most significant predictor variable for Y, capable of explaining 61% of the variance (R² = 0.61, p < 0.001), followed by X₂ and X variables that could explain the variance of school effectiveness at a statistically significant level. The standard error of prediction was ±3.99.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THAI READING ALOUD SKILLS THROUGH GAME-BASED LEARNING COMBINED WITH SKILL EXERCISES FOR GRADE 2 STUDENTS AT BAN KHANGPHIBAN SCHOOL, MAE SOT DISTRICT, TAK PROVINCE

Nanthikorn Udomsin — 2025-07-01

The purposes of this research were to: 1) study the effectiveness of a game-based learning plan combined with reading skills exercises in developing Thai language reading skills of Prathomsuksa 2 students at Ban Khang Phiban School, Mae Sot District, Tak Province to meet the efficiency criterion of 80/80 2) comparison the achievement on the subject of Thai language of Prathomsuksa 2 students before and after studying using game-based learning method. The sample consisted of Prathomsuksa 2 students 23 samples in 1 class. The research instrument consists lesson plans and achievement tests. the methods of statistics are implemented in this research – mean, percentage, standard deviation and t-test dependent sample.

The results found that: 1) The effective of the game-based learning plan combined with reading skill exercises in developing Thai language reading skills of Prathomsuksa 2 students can significantly increase the efficiency in developing the students' reading skills. The average score before learning was 54.34 and after learning increased to 90.20, which is higher than the specified criteria (80/80). 2) The academic achievement of students who organized learning activities using games as a base with reading aloud skills exercises before learning found that the average was 10.87 and after learning, the average was 18.04 was higher than before the learning management was statistically significant at the .05 level different.

MODERATING AND MEDIATING EFFECTS OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON JOB SATISFACTION AND INNOVATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE IN LIAONING VOCATIONAL UNIVERSITIES

Wang Lanjie — 2025-05-26

The purpose of this research was to investigate the factors affecting the climate of vocational universities in Liaoning Province and to determine the mediating and moderating roles of transformational and Innovational leaders between job satisfaction and organizational climate in universities. The objectives of this research were: (1) to find out factors affecting university climate in Liaoning province, (2) to determine whether transformational leadership has a mediating effect on the relationship between job satisfaction and university organizational climate, (3) to examine innovation leadership mediates the relationship between job satisfaction and university organizational climate, and (4) to investigate whether transformational leadership has a moderating effect on the relationship between job satisfaction and university organizational climate.

The research used a multi-stage random sampling technique to select 433 teachers from a total of 5222 teachers in 10 vocational colleges and universities in Liaoning Province. Data collection was conducted through a five-point Likert scale questionnaire and then analyzed using descriptive statistics. For more rigorous testing, the research used confirmatory factor analysis to validate the measurement model and then structural equation modeling to test the mediating and moderating hypotheses. The results of the research indicated that job satisfaction, Innovational leadership, and transformational leadership were significant factors influencing university climate. Transformational leadership was found not to mediate the relationship between job satisfaction and university climate. However, Innovational leadership was shown to be a mediator of this relationship. In addition, the research revealed the moderating effect of transformational leadership on the relationship between job satisfaction and university climate, the effect of job satisfaction on university climate in such way that when the transformational leadership was high the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational climate was also high, meanwhile when the transformational leadership was low the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational climate was low.

A MODEL OF EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION THE ERA OF CHANGE TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION UNDER BURIRAM PRIMARY EDUCATION SERVICE AREA OFFICE 4

Wutthichai Sarusuk — 2025-07-09

The purposes of this research were to 1) Study the current conditions, desired conditions and needs of educational administration the era of change to improve the quality of education. sample group 128 School administrators, by Stratified Random Sampling. the group of informants 3 experts, by purposive sampling. 2) Set a model, the informant group consisted of 7experts, and the Group of informants in the suitability assessment 30 School administrators, by purposive sampling. tools used in data collection including, the current condition questionnaire has a reliability value of 0.89. the desired condition questionnaire has a reliability value of 0.92., interview form, Focus Group Discussion issue and suitability questionnaire. and satisfaction questionnaire has a reliability value of 0.91. statistics used in data analysis are percentage. average and standard deviation and priority needs index.

The results were as follows: 1) Current condition at medium level, desirable condition at the highest level, and the number one need Leadership. 2) A model of educational administration the era of change to improve the quality of education, consists of 5 parts: part 1 principles and objectives, part 2 procedure, part 3 management mechanism, part 4 assessment guidelines, and part 5 success conditions. assessment results on appropriate at the highest level.

FACTORS INFLUENCING ECOTOURISM DECISIONS IN THE BAAN KO MAN AND KO PAI COMMUNITIES, SAM ROI YOT DISTRICT, PRACHUAP KHIRI KHAN PROVINCE

Maythika Puangsang — 2025-10-14

This research aims to 1) Study the factors influencing the decision to engage in ecotourism in the Ban Ko Mon and Ko Phai communities, Sam Roi Yot District, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province. 2) Examine the relationship between promotional factors and attractive factors that affect the decision to engage in ecotourism in these communities. This is a quantitative study, collecting data from 400 Thai tourists through convenience sampling using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson correlation analysis.

The study findings revealed that 1) Study the factors influencing the decision to engage in ecotourism in the Ban Ko Mon and Ko Phai communities, Sam Roi Yot District, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province findings revealed that: The travel behavior of the respondents revealed that their primary purpose for traveling was leisure or entertainment. Most travelers were accompanied by friends and primarily used private cars as their mode of transportation. The majority were first-time visitors, spending an average of 1–3 days in the area per trip. Most trips occurred on weekends (Saturday-Sunday). Tourists primarily obtained information about the community through online media such as Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube influencers. The majority of tourists had an expenditure range of 1,000–3,000 THB per trip. Regarding Thai tourists’ perceptions of the significance of attraction factors influencing their decision to engage in ecotourism in the Ban Ko Mon and Ko Phai communities, Sam Roi Yot District, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, the overall importance level was high. 2) The relationship between promotional factors (public relations) and attraction factors influencing ecotourism decisions in these communities was found to be positively correlated, with statistical significance at the 0.01 level. This indicates that effective tourism promotion in the area contributes to tourists' decisions to visit Ban Ko Mon and Ko Phai communities in Sam Roi Yot District, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province.