Academic Journal Phranakhon Rajabhat University

GUIDELINES FOR RESOLVING CONFLICTS IN XINJIANG UYGUR AUTONOMOUS REGION IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Weerasak Pumpetch — Fri, 15 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The objectives of this academic article were to: 1) present the origins of the conflict and 2) propose guidelines to resolve the conflict in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. The analysis found that the conflict between the Chinese government and the Uyghurs in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region is not solely a matter of race but is also intricately linked to religion, making the situation particularly delicate. Poor management of these two aspects could lead to ongoing problems with endless consequences. The origins of the conflict between the Chinese government and the Uyghurs in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region can be attributed to 1) the Chinese government's divide and rule policy, 2) Chinese policies toward the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, 3) the rise of Pan-Turkism and Pan-Islamism, and 4) the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Guidelines for resolving conflicts in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region include the following: 1) the Chinese government should clearly define the terms “extreme,” "extremism," "separatism," and "terrorism" before implementing policies to suppress or eliminate such ideas, 2) promote trade among the Uyghurs to eliminate the perception of second-class citizenship, 3) the Chinese government should create jobs for Uyghurs that align with their skills and social costs, 4) the Chinese government should sincerely accept and promote the identity of Uyghur Muslims through social media channels, 5) Chinese leaders should personally engage with the Uyghur community to demonstrate sincerity and build mutual trust, 6) the Chinese government should clarify the issue of Uyghur detention camps, which is a topic of global concern, 7) The Chinese government should open a forum to listen to opinions and reflect different viewpoints, which can then be presented to Chinese leaders, and 8) Uyghurs should turn the crisis into an opportunity by promoting tourism to share their identity and history with the world.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHINESE SPEAKING SKILL OF SECONDARY 1 STUDENTS BY USING COOPERATIVE LEARNING IN AN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL IN THAILAND

Tan Shengchen, Techameth Pianchana — Fri, 15 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This study investigates the development of Chinese speaking skills of Secondary 1 students in an international school in Thailand using cooperative learning method. The examination was conducted during the first semester of the 2023-2024 academic year. The study employed cluster random sampling to select four classes, each consisting of 15 students at the secondary 1 level, forming the sample group with mixed genders and abilities in learning.

In the study, the researcher also utilized a questionnaire to collect data on students' speaking tests and satisfaction. Descriptive statistical analysis revealed the highest mean score of the pre-test (X̅=19) and post-test (X̅=31.23). Both pre-test and post-test data indicated the development of students' Chinese speaking skills. Additionally, quantitative data showed the highest mean score (X̅=3.77) and lowest mean score (X̅=3.68) for students' satisfaction. The overall mean score of students' satisfaction level items was at a high level. Content analysis of the quantitative data revealed that students were satisfied with the use of cooperative learning methods in Chinese-speaking classes.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERGRATING BILIBILI STATION MEDIA AND COOPERATIVE LEARNING METHOD TO ENHANCE SPEAKING SKILL OF GRADE 5 CHINESE STUDENTS IN YUNNAN PROVINCE, CHINA

Junqing Lu, Nipaporn Sakulwongs — Fri, 15 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This quantitative study investigated whether the use of Bilibili Station media and the cooperative learning method improved the English-speaking skills and satisfaction of grade 5 Chinese students in learning English speaking. The sample group consisted of 30 grade 5 Chinese students in Yunnan Province, China. Data were collected using a pretest, posttest, and questionnaire, and were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis and a paired sample t-test. The data collection and instructional period lasted for four weeks. The results of the pretest and posttest showed that the students in the sample group improved their English-speaking skills, with a posttest score (x̅=22.13, SD=2.01) and a pretest score (x̅=18.96, SD=2.64), resulting in a mean difference of 3.17 points. The data collected from the questionnaire indicated that all items were rated at a high level. The students expressed positive satisfaction with the use of Bilibili Station media and the cooperative learning method in learning English speaking. This study demonstrated that using Bilibili Station media in the English-speaking classroom was an effective way to learn English speaking.

THE APPLICATION OF SCRIPT ANALYSIS APPROACH TO IMPROVE DRAMA PERFORMANCE FOR THE SECOND-YEAR UNIVERSITY STUDENT IN CHINA

Hao Xianrui, Techameth Pianchana — Fri, 15 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The purposes of this study were to compare drama performances before and after the application of script analysis and to investigate students' satisfaction with its use in drama performance classes among second-year university students in Sichuan Province, China. The study employed a whole cluster random sampling to select a research sample from a second-year class. The first research objective was achieved through pretest and post-test, which assessed the drama performance of second-year students using paired-samples t-tests. The second research objective was addressed through questionnaire that examined students' satisfaction with the use of script analysis, analyzed using means and standard deviations. The results revealed a significant improvement in students' drama performance, with a mean difference of 6.23 points between pretest and post-test scores. Furthermore, students expressed a high level of satisfaction with the implementation of script analysis in their drama performance classes. Therefore, this study demonstrated the effectiveness of the script analysis approach in teaching drama performance.

“WHAT JOB CAN I DO?”: ANXIOUS TEACHERS IN EMPTY CLASSROOMS

Yongyut Khamkhong — Fri, 15 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The continuous decline in Thailand's birthrate has disrupted population growth over the past 30 years. This impact is now evident, as hundreds of university classrooms sit empty. Lecturers find themselves with no students to teach, rendering them redundant in the workforce. This study aims to investigate university lecturers' concerns about job security. Survey questionnaires were distributed to 30 lecturers from four universities. Additionally, in-depth interviews were conducted with six lecturers, two of whom were already unemployed. The findings revealed that lecturers expressed a neutral level of concern regarding potential layoffs. The unemployed lecturers are not facing significant struggles, as they receive strong financial support from home. However, the position of university lecturer is no longer seen as secure as it once was, and lecturers must prepare themselves for the employment uncertainties arising from the declining number of students

THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHINESE SPEAKING SKILL OF GRADE 4 THAI STUDENTS USING THE FLIPPED CLASSROOM IN THAILAND

Feng Jianguang , Techameth Pianchana — Fri, 15 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The purposes of this study were to compare the achievement of grade 4 Thai students in Chinese speaking before and after adopting the flipped classroom teaching method and to investigate their satisfaction with learning Chinese speaking. The study used whole cluster random sampling to select one of two classes of grade 4 students (20 students per class) as the sample group, comprising students of mixed gender and varied learning abilities.

In this study, researchers utilized Chinese-speaking tests to gather quantitative data on students' Chinese-speaking skills. Descriptive statistics using a dependent t-test indicated a significant improvement in students' Chinese-speaking skills (p = .01, pre-test: x̅ = 200.15, SD = 40.68; post-test: x̅ = 219.05, SD = 36.31). The results show that students' speaking skills improved significantly. Quantitative data from student satisfaction questionnaires revealed an overall mean score (x̅ = 4.14, SD = 0.62), indicating that students were highly satisfied with using the flipped classroom teaching method to learn Chinese speaking. This was corroborated by qualitative data from focus group interviews. Consequently, this study advocates for the adoption of the flipped classroom teaching method as an effective means of enhancing students' Chinese-speaking skills.

THE LEARING MANAGEMENT WITH THE MULTIMEDIA FOR ENGLISH SPEAKING SKILL OF GRADE 6 CHINESE STUDENTS IN YUNNAN PROVINCE CHINA

Zhang Li, Techameth Pianchana — Fri, 15 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of multimedia instruction on the English-speaking skills and learning satisfaction of grade 6 students. A target group of 30 grade 6 students was selected to participate in the study. The tools used to collect quantitative data were lesson plans, speaking skill tests (pre-test and post-test), and a student satisfaction questionnaire. The data were analyzed using a paired sample t-test, examining the mean, standard deviation (SD), and significance value. The analysis of pre-test and post-test scores revealed a significant difference between the post-test mean (x ̅ = 15.93) and the pre-test mean (x ̅ = 9.17), with a mean difference of 6.76. The significance value for this group was P < 0.05, indicating a significant increase in post-test scores compared to the pre-test scores. Additionally, data from the student satisfaction questionnaire confirmed that students experienced positive learning satisfaction. Therefore, multimedia instruction was both effective and beneficial for improving students' English-speaking skills.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF SERVICE QUALITY, BRAND REPUTATION, CUSTOMER SATISFACTION, AND CUSTOMER COMMITMENT: A CASE STUDY OF A FAST-FOOD OUTLET IN NIGERIA

Oscar Uzoamaka Iwuchukwu, Sasithorn Suwandee, Chairat Suriyapa, Atipol Suwandee — Fri, 15 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The post-pandemic period of COVID-19 has driven the restaurant business to emphasize service quality and brand reputation to regain customer satisfaction and commitment. This study focuses on the fast-food sector in Nigeria, where the industry is experiencing growth. The study objectives are to: 1) explore the relationship between service quality, brand reputation, customer satisfaction, and customer commitment, 2) extend the concept of service quality, brand reputation, customer satisfaction, and customer commitment within the fast-food restaurant industry, and 3) provide managerial implications for improving service quality, brand reputation, customer satisfaction, and customer commitment. This study employed a quantitative approach using a self-administered questionnaire distributed to 271 customers who had experience with a selected fast-food outlet in Lagos, Nigeria. Multiple regression analysis showed that service quality and brand reputation positively impact customer satisfaction, while service quality, brand reputation, and customer satisfaction significantly affected customer commitment. Brand reputation had a stronger impact on both customer satisfaction and customer commitment than service quality. The study concluded that brand reputation significantly contributed to the performance of fast-food outlets in achieving customer satisfaction and commitment. Therefore, fast-food outlets should focus on enhancing their brand reputation to increase customer satisfaction and commitment.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACTIVITY PACKAGE USING FOLK LITERATURE BASED TO ENHANCE THAI TEACHING READING, WRITING AND ANALYTICAL THINKING SKILLS FOR PRIMARY LEVEL IN BANGKOK

Pratchaya Jaipukdee — Fri, 15 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The purposes of this research were to: 1) develop a folk literature-based activity package for Thai language instruction, and 2) assess the effectiveness of this activity package on Thai language teachers' teaching skills in reading, writing, and analytical thinking, as well as on learners' skills in these areas. The sample consisted of 12 teachers who teach basic Thai language at the primary education level in Bangkok, regardless of their affiliation, who were willing to receive supervision and follow-up, and 360 primary education students in Bangkok selected through simple random sampling. The research instruments included lesson plan evaluation forms, teaching skills evaluation forms, pretests, and posttests. The data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation.

The research findings indicated that: 1) the developed activity package had an appropriateness value at the highest level and met the efficiency criteria of 80/80, 2) the assessment of the teachers' use of the activity package showed improvements in lesson plans, with pre-experiment scores (x̅ = 3.32, S.D. = 0.41) and post-experiment scores (x̅ = 4.33, S.D. = 0.44). Similarly, teaching skills improved from pre-experiment scores (x̅ = 3.26, S.D. = 0.42) to post-experiment scores (x̅ = 4.41, S.D. = 0.37). Lastly, the assessment of learners’ skills in reading, writing, and analytical thinking revealed that posttest scores were significantly higher than pretest scores, with a statistical significance level of p < .05.

DEVELOPMENT ONLINE INFORMATION RESOURCES : A CASE OF RUESI-DUDTON

Anchalee Riangha — Fri, 15 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to: 1) study and develop online information resources, using Ruesi-Dudton as a case study, and 2) evaluate satisfaction with these online information resources. The sample group consists of 70 students enrolled in health tourism courses and tourism teachers for the academic year 2023, selected through purposive sampling. Data analysis involves calculating the mean and standard deviation. The research methodology includes: 1) a needs assessment form, 2) the development of online information resources for Ruesi-Dudton based on the SDLC framework, with data collected using a MySQL database and written in PHP, and 3) a satisfaction assessment form for the information resources.

The research results found that: 1) the need for online information resources among students and teachers was at the highest level, 2) the development of online information resources resulted in four categories: (1) the history of Ruesi Dudton, (2) types of cultural heritage, (3) Ruesi Dudton postures, and (4) information sources related to Ruesi Dudton, and 3) the evaluation results of student and teacher satisfaction with the online information resources indicated a high level of satisfaction. The evaluation comprised four components: the design process, formatting, the user interface, and the quality and content of the display.

INFLUENCE OF CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRTUAL ANCHOR ON FANS’ REWARD BEHAVIOR: A CASE STUDY OF CHINESE MARKET

Chaoran Zhou, Hatairat Lertjanyakit — Fri, 15 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This article examined how the characteristics of Virtual Anchors affected fans’ reward behavior during live broadcasts. It also investigated the live broadcast factors influencing the internal states of Virtual Anchor fans and explored whether emotional attachment and identity served as mediating variables. The study was grounded in SOR Theory, supplemented by Body Consumption Theory, Prototype Theory, the "Three Bodies" Theory, Attachment Theory, and Identity Theory, and constructed a reward behavior model for users who have watched Virtual Anchors’ live broadcasts. A quantitative research design was used to collect data and test the hypothetical model. In this survey, 550 questionnaires were distributed, and 507 were successfully recovered. The quantitative data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis, path testing, and mediating effect testing. The results showed that the characteristics of Virtual Anchors had a positive impact on fans' reward behavior. The test results confirmed a significant correlation between the independent variables—the external image of the Virtual Anchor ("leather case"), the character setting of the Virtual Anchor, and the personality charm of the Virtual Anchor ("the person in the Virtual Anchor")—the mediating variables of emotional attachment and identity, and the dependent variable of fans’ reward behavior. The Bias-Corrected Bootstrap method confirmed the mediating effect of emotional attachment and identity. This study demonstrated that the characteristics of Virtual Anchors positively influenced fans’ reward behavior.

CULTURAL HERITAGE’S MANAGEMENT: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THAILAND AND VIETNAM

Chanikan Polcharoen — Fri, 15 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to 1) study the management of cultural heritage in Thailand and Vietnam and 2) compare the management practices of cultural heritage in both countries. The methodology is qualitative research, with data collected from documentary reviews and semi-structured interviews with five key informants. The results show that the management of cultural heritage sites in the two countries differs significantly due to their unique civilizations and varying management policies. Thailand's civilization, influenced by India and the Khmer Empire, developed into distinct national Thai arts and culture. Cultural heritage in Thailand is closely tied to elite groups, particularly Buddhist temples, which were often built by the monarchy and dominated the cultural heritage landscape. The Fine Arts Department is the responsible institution for cultural heritage governance. Buddhist temples have become critical assets in the tourism industry, with local communities benefiting from the commodification of these sites.

In contrast, Vietnam's historical development was heavily influenced by China for much of its history. The Socialist Republic of Vietnam's government holds the authority to register community cultural heritage under policies of "Folklorization" and "Exoticization." The Vietnamese government has successfully secured funding for restoration projects from European countries and UNESCO. However, Vietnam also has Cham castles from the ancient Champa kingdom, one of the oldest civilizations in Southeast Asia. A challenge remains, as the Cham ethnic group is a minority, and many Vietnamese people are not well-acquainted with Cham castles. If the Vietnamese government provides more support for preserving Cham castles, and if the Thai government can balance the benefits among various ancient sites, managing cultural heritage in both countries could achieve greater success and sustainable development for local communities.

LEGAL ISSUES CONCERNING THE ACT ON THE PREVENTIVE MEASURES AGAINST RECIDIVISM IN SEXUAL OR VIOLENT OFFENCES ACT B.E. 2565 (2022)

Artid Boonlert, Pornphet Cholsaktrakul — Fri, 15 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The main purposes of this research are to study and analyze the legal issues concerning the Preventive Measures Against Recidivism in Sexual or Violent Offences Act B.E. 2565 (2022). Specifically, the research focuses on custodial measures for absolute prisoners after the discharge of their sentence, emergency detention measures, the provisions of offences, and monitoring measures for absolute prisoners. A qualitative research method was employed, utilizing documentary research and comparative studies with the Republic of Singapore and the State of Victoria, Commonwealth of Australia. The research findings indicated that custodial measures for absolute prisoners after the discharge of their sentence and emergency detention measures did not violate human rights. However, the offences stipulated under Section 3 of the Preventive Measures Against Recidivism in Sexual or Violent Offences Act B.E. 2565 (2022) were not comprehensive. Furthermore, under Section 22 of the Act, there were only 13 monitoring measures for absolute prisoners, and no discretion could be exercised beyond these. It was recommended that the Act be expanded to apply to other offences beyond those stated in Section 3. Additionally, monitoring measures for absolute prisoners under Section 22 should allow for the exercise of discretion in other cases.

THE PROTECTION OF FEMALE LABOUR FORCE: CASE STUDIES ON LEAVE OF WORK DURING THE MENSTRUAL PERIOD

kanokwan Yingtawee, Pornphet Cholsaktrakul — Fri, 15 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The main purposes of this research are to analyze and identify appropriate forms of leave in Thailand to allow the female labor force to take leave from work during their menstrual period. The qualitative research was conducted through a literature review and comparative studies with the Kingdom of Spain, the Republic of China (Taiwan), the Republic of Korea, and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The research findings indicate that there are no written legal provisions for menstrual leave for the female labor force in Thailand, unlike in other countries. However, it is found that in practice, female workers often take sick leave during their menstrual period instead. Given that the right to menstrual leave is aligned with international labor standards, allowing female workers to take leave during their menstrual period should not be considered discriminatory. States can enact special measures to protect the female labor force in this regard. Therefore, it is appropriate for Thailand to establish rights for female workers to take menstrual leave in accordance with universal principles. The research suggests that the appropriate form of leave for Thailand would allow female workers to take three days of menstrual leave. If additional days are needed, they would be required to use sick leave. During menstrual leave, employers would not be obligated to pay wages, and employees would not need to provide a medical certificate. Based on the research, it is recommended that sections 43/1 and 43/2 be added to Chapter 3, concerning the employment of female labor, in the Labour Protection Act B.E. 2541 (1998).

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FACTORS OF THE ELDERLY INFLUENCE THE QUALITY OF LIFE UNDER THE NEW NORMAL

Rathiya Songsuk, Teerada Boonpamee, Angkana leerattananugulsiri — Fri, 15 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to (1) examine the level of opinions on financial management among the elderly and their quality of life under the new normal, and (2) investigate the influence of financial management on the quality of life of the elderly under the new normal. Quantitative research and questionnaires were used for data collection. The sample consisted of 380 elderly individuals aged 60 and above in the Taling Chan district. Statistical analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings revealed that (1) financial management factors, including income generation, spending, saving, and investing, as well as the quality of life under the new normal, were at a moderate level. (2) SEM analysis showed that financial management factors had a positive influence on the quality of life of the elderly under the new normal, with investing having the greatest impact, accounting for a 71% variation. This highlights the role of financial management in enhancing the quality of life for the elderly under the new normal and provides crucial information for developing public policies and programs aimed at enhancing the quality of life for the elderly in the future, and (3) the revised structural equation model demonstrated a good alignment with the empirical data.