CRMA Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Developing Guidelines for Enhancing Advanced Digital Competency of Teachers in Quality Sub-district Schools: A Case Study of Surin Primary Educational Service Area Office 1

Kiattisak Khosuaiklang — 2025-07-29

This research aims to: 1) Study the current conditions, desirable conditions, and needs assessment; 2) Explore guidelines from exemplary schools; and 3) Develop guidelines for enhancing advanced digital competencies for teachers in Quality Sub-district Schools under Surin Primary Educational Service Area Office 1. The target groups consisted of 56 information technology system administrators, five school administrators and teachers who were recipients of innovation and technology awards, and five experts, all selected by purposive sampling. The research instruments were questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and assessment forms. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, frequency, priority content analysis, and inductive summary. The findings revealed that: 1) The current conditions were at a moderate level overall, while the desirable conditions were at a high level overall, with needs in descending order being digital change leadership, digital network management, prototype digital innovation creation, and digital strategic planning; 2) The guidelines for enhancing advanced digital competencies consisted of four components, namely: (1) Principles of emphasizing participation and continuity; (2) Objectives aiming to develop all four competencies; (3) Implementation methods covering digital strategic planning, digital change leadership, digital network management, and digital prototype innovation; and (4) Success conditions emphasizing administrative support and appropriate digital ecosystem development; and 3) The assessment of appropriateness and feasibility of the guidelines were at the highest level overall and met all established criteria.

Educational Administration towards Sustainable Development in the Western Educational Region of Thailand

Chanaphorn Panyakanphon — 2025-07-29

This research aimed to: 1) Examine the level of educational administration and management for sustainable development in the western region of Thailand; and 2) Compare these levels based on gender and professional roles of Teacher civil servant. The sample consisted of 100 participants, including school administrators and educational personnel from the western provinces. A structured questionnaire based on ten key components of sustainable educational management was used as the research instrument. The findings revealed that the overall level of sustainable education management was high. Notably, quality assurance and organizational development are the most prominent components, reflecting strong internal administrative practices. However, information system management was rated the lowest, highlighting a need for greater integration of technology in administrative processes. Gender-based analysis indicated that female personnel significantly outperformed male counterparts in several domains, especially in educational leadership and data management. In terms of professional roles, teachers showed higher average scores than administrators in classroom management and community engagement, which reflects their close interaction with students and local contexts. On the other hand, administrators demonstrated stronger performance in organizational development. These findings underline the readiness and capacity of educational personnel in the western region to advance sustainable development in education, while also identifying areas for improvement, particularly in the use of information technology to enhance administrative efficiency.

A Study of Adaptation among New Cadets and the Influence of Mental Resilience on Cadet Academic Achievement and Turnover Through Subjective Well-Being Variable Among 1st Year CRMA Cadets

Sornnarin Kanjananopinit — 2025-07-29

This research aims to study the effect of the new cadet adaptation on cadet turnover and academic achievement as moderated by mental resilience and mediated by subjective well-being. A survey of 308 1^st year CRMA Cadet was conducted. The research instruments were psychological scales and average grade. Data analysis was conducted via SPSS. The result indicated that the new cadet adaptation had a direct and positive influence on subjective well-being and academic achievement at 0.5 statistical significance. Mental resilience also had a direct and positive influence on subjective well-being and academic achievement at 0.1 statistical significance. The new cadet adaptation and mental resilience both had a positive influence on subjective well-being, while subjective well-being had a negative influence on the intention to quit at 0.1 statistical significance. in conclusion, maintaining the new cadet adaptation and mental resilience at a high level will enhance subjective well-being and lead to good academic achievement and low intention to quit. However, mental resilience is the strongest predictor to enhance academic achievement, subjective well-being, and the reduction in the turnover rate among cadets.

The Level of Students’ Social Competence in Secondary Educational Service Area Office Schools according to Teachers’ Perceptions

Sawaphob Debkasikul — 2025-07-29

This research aims to examine the level of social competence among students in secondary schools under the jurisdiction of the Secondary Educational Service Area Offices in Thailand. The population and sample consisted of 1,659 schools. A stratified random sampling and simple random sampling method was used to select 836 schools. Two teachers from each school participated as respondents, totaling 1,672 informants. The research instrument was a social competence assessment scale developed for students. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The findings revealed that the overall level of students’ social competence was high. Among the three major components, self and social knowledge had the highest mean score, followed by self and social skills, and self and social attributes. In terms of sub-components, students demonstrated the highest mean in the attribute of willingness and enthusiasm to help others and society, whereas the lowest mean was found in the students’ understanding of emotions and feelings. The results suggest that most secondary school students possess strong interpersonal skills, adaptability, and a clear understanding of their social roles. These findings reflect the effectiveness of the educational management and student development processes in these schools, which align with the Ministry of Education’s policies in enhancing students’ social competence.

Policy Design of Scenarios for the National English Program

Rattanapong Tumpasuwan — 2025-07-29

This research was conducted to envision the future of academic administration for the English Program (EP) based on the concept of International mindedness, and to prepare for global transformations in the coming decades. This study was conducted using a qualitative approach, incorporating the process of foresight research through three key steps: (1) Studying conceptual frameworks related to international mindedness and academic administration in the English Program; (2) Horizon scanning to identify emerging trends and key driving forces that may impact the future; and (3) Scenario building through a future foresight workshop involving 16 selected stakeholders and experts in English Program administration. These participants included: (1) National education policy-makers; (2) Academic scholars; (3) School leaders from English Programs under the Office of the Basic Education Commission (OBEC); (4) School leaders from English Programs under the Office of the Private Education Commission (OPEC); (5) English Program heads from OBEC-affiliated schools; (6) English Program heads from other educational organizations; (7) Parents; and (8) Alumni representatives. Through small-group workshops and qualitative analysis, the research produced four future scenarios of English Program academic administration over the next decade: (1) EP Opportunity Nation; (2) The Human Advantage EP; (3) Blueprint-Based EP Reform; and (4) Bridge the Gap EP. After developing and presenting these four scenarios, the experts engaged in a critical analysis of each scenario's attributes, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and risks, to identify the preferable future for English Program academic administration. The selected preferable future was then used as a foundation for designing actionable policy recommendations to support the sustainable development of the English Program in alignment with future global challenges.

The Life and Living Conditions of Conscripts in the Infantry Battalion at Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy

Benjawan Upatchar — 2025-07-29

This research aims to explore the process of achieving physical well-being among conscripts in the Infantry Battalion at Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy. The study examined 14 stakeholders, including two commanders, two trainers, and 10 conscripts. Qualitative data was collected using the Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis Approach through semi-structured dialogues and in-depth interviews. The results identified five key factors contributing to the physical well-being of conscripts: training, nutrition, adequate rest, hygiene, and recreational activities. These factors are influenced by internal and external conditions, such as policies, regulations, orders, and guidelines of the new military training unit, both at Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy and within the Royal Thai Army. Additionally, advances in sports science, medical technology, and information technology play a significant role in facilitating improvements in the conscripts' physical well-being. Providing exercise facilities, hygiene stations, short afternoon rest periods, hygienic nighttime nutritional supplements, and a weekly rest day will have a positive effect on the physical well-being of conscripts.

The Influence of Deans’ Learning-Centred Leadership on Teacher Professional Learning in Chinese Colleges of Foreign Languages

Dongjun Sun — 2025-07-29

This study investigates the influence of deans’ learning-centred leadership (LCL) on teacher professional learning (TPL) in Chinese colleges of foreign languages. A sequential mixed-methods design was employed, utilizing telephone interviews and survey questionnaires as primary data collection tools. Qualitative data from five deans were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify key conceptual patterns. Quantitative data from 360 faculty members across 36 colleges were examined through descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the theoretical framework. The research employed SEM to investigate direct and indirect effects of LCL on TPL, with teacher trust (TT), teacher agency (TA), and professional learning communities (PLCs) serving as mediating variables. Statistical analyses included reliability testing, confirmatory factor analysis, and path analysis to validate the measurement and structural models. Findings reveal that LCL does not directly influence TPL but operates entirely through mediating mechanisms. PLCs emerged as a significant novel mediator in higher education contexts, demonstrating a robust indirect pathway (LCL → PLCs → TPL). Sequential mediation analysis confirmed a statistically significant pathway (LCL → TT → TA → TPL), illustrating the interconnected roles of relational trust and individual agency in fostering professional learning. The study extends existing primary education research by validating the theoretical model within higher education contexts. Results emphasize the importance of cultivating collaborative cultures, establishing trust-based relationships, and empowering faculty agency. Policy implications include developing comprehensive leadership programs beyond traditional managerial competencies, investing in PLC infrastructure, and providing targeted support for resource-constrained institutions.

The Role and Political Significance of the “White Elephant” during the Reign of King Maha Chakkraphat

Samran Phondee — 2025-07-29

The objective of this article is to analyze the political role and significance of the "White Elephant" during the reign of King Maha Chakkraphat. This analysis is linked to the traditional beliefs surrounding the concept of the "Auspicious Elephant" and the notion of the "Chakravartin" in the Ayutthaya period. The study found that the "White Elephant" refers to an elephant possessing seven auspicious traits: white eyes, a white palate, white nails, white hair, white skin (or skin resembling the color of a new earthenware pot), white tail hair, and white testicles (or of similar color). In legal terminology, it is classified as a "Royal Elephant", an animal regarded as highly auspicious according to ancient beliefs. It is viewed as a symbol of immense value, reflecting the king’s merit and serving as an auspicious emblem for the kingdom. During the reign of King Maha Chakkraphat, the kingdom boasted as many as seven white elephants, which earned the monarch the honorific title of the "White Elephant King". Beyond being a symbol of royal virtue and national fortune, the white elephant also carried significant political implications in at least three key dimensions, including as: (1) A diplomatic offering or tribute to the Chinese Emperor (Jimkong/Tributary System); (2) A tool for forging alliances with Lan Xang, aimed at balancing power against Burma; and (3) A pretext for Burma to wage war against Ayutthaya. These three dimensions are intricately tied to the concept of the "Chakkraphatirat", or a king of supreme merit and moral virtue, with the white elephant serving to reinforce
this notion.

Studying Speech Acts in the Royal Addresses of King Rama IX

Chaded Sookde — 2025-07-29

This study aims to study the speech acts in the royal addresses of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) to gain a better understanding on the role of the monarch’s oratory in building national identity, unity, and pushing the development discourse. The study utilizes speech acts theoretical frameworks. The study categorized the types of royal addresses into five groups, namely: 1) Assertive Speech Acts; 2) Directive Speech Acts; 3) Expressive Speech Acts; 4) Commissive Speech Acts; and 5) Declarative Speech Acts, all of which reflect the monarchy’s multiple communicative roles in responding to historical contexts and national crises, such as economic crises, political unrest, and environmental problems. The results of the study reflect the monarch’s oratorical techniques, such as using inclusive language, using personal anecdotes, and appealing to ethics, all of which were significant in promoting the public spirit and the Thai collective identity. Furthermore, the content can be sorted into categories, such as development, cooperation, education, environmental conservation, and gratitude. The speeches also demonstrate a tactical communications structure, not only in terms of ceremonial functions, but also the function of the monarchy as the national moral compass and spiritual center, especially in the context of the changes and modernization of Thai society.

The Association of Women for Action and Research (AWARE) and Singapore's Patriarchal Society: An Analysis Utilizing Gramsci's Theory of Hegemony

Watunyu Jaiborisudhi — 2025-07-29

Singapore is a patriarchal society in which the status of women is inferior to that of men. This condition stimulated the establishment of the Association of Women for Action and Research (AWARE) with the mission of promoting gender equality in Singapore. This article has two objectives. First, it examines a pattern of male domination and control over AWARE. Second, it studies how the association plays its bargaining roles under the patriarchal circumstance. Applying Gramsci's theory of hegemony, the study shows that the ruling People’s Action Party (PAP) has embraced the patriarchal tradition by adhering to Asian values and Confucianism to maintain its legitimate power based on the ruler–subject relationship. In response, AWARE has resorted to a conciliatory rather than an approach of direct resistance to the patriarchal state through the implementation of three main strategies: providing necessary aid to women and girls, positioning its neutrality between women and the state, and producing useful research for the government to resolve women-related issues.