Belt and Road Initiative at the historic turn of the 21st century
Keywords:
BRI, globalization, ChinaAbstract
China announced the Belt and Road Initiative project in 2013 as an attempt to build a new Silk Road. The project is intended to assist China in achieving longstanding cooperation with other nations via trade and investment. It is planned to cover Europe, the Middle East, Africa and Southeast Asia and has now progressed to the point where trade and infrastructure have taken shape in the targeted zones.
However, to understand that the Belt and Road Initiative or, in short, BRI, is a vibrant option for the world economy may not be sufficient. The conditions of the global system have changed significantly. The concept of nationalism has arisen to run counter to globalization and the free market economy while tensions between the superpowers intensify unceasingly. With reference to these conditions, BRI is considered in this article as containing the implication to encourage a new politico-economic network to address the idea of being nationalist. It resets the globalization of the world economy and can be deemed to be a long-term defense against the U.S., by tightening relationships with the strategic nations – especially, the close allies of the U.S., in Europe and Southeast Asia. The project, therefore, has the intention and potential to be a way to security and peace amidst all the uncertainty.
This article is written in a non-research format to broaden comprehension of BRI. A large body of information was collected in support of the discussion and suggestions are included at very end to provide information on more matters for future debate.
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Morrison, Wayne M. 2015. China’s Economic Rise: History, Trends, Challenges, and Implications for the United States. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.
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Nye, Joseph S., Kurt Biedenkopf, and Motoo Shiina. 1991. Global Cooperation after the Cold War: A Reassessment of Trilateralism. New York: The Trilateral Commission.
Okano-Heijmans, M. 2014. Trade Diplomacy in EU–Asia Relations: Time for a Rethink. The Hague: Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael.
Phillips, T. 2017. “China Hits Back at US over South China Sea 'Takeover' Claims Global development.” The Guardian, January 24. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/24/trump-white-house-beijing-takeover-south-china-sea
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PWC's Growth Markets Centre. 2016. “China’s New Silk Route: The Long and Winding Road.”
https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/growth-markets-center/assets/pdf/china-new-silk-route.pdf.
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Schipper, Youdi, and Piet Rietveld. (n.d.). Economic and Environmental Effects of Airline Deregulation. Faculty of Economics. Free University Amsterdam. Amsterdam.
Schweickart, David. 2015. Economic Democracy: An Ethically Desirable Socialism That Is Economically Viable. The Next System Project.
Storm, Servaas and C. W. M. Naastepad. 2015. “Myths, Mix-ups and Mishandlings: What Caused the Eurozone Crisis?” Paper presented at the Liberté, April 11. Égalité, Fragilité, Paris, France.
Teather, David. 2010. “China Overtakes Japan as World's Second-Largest Economy.” The Guardian, August 16. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/aug/16 /china-overtakes-japan-second-largest-economy1.
World Bank. 2017. “China: Overview.” March 20. ttp://www.worldbank.org/en/country/china/overview
World Trade Organization. 2016. World Trade Statistical Review.
Xuequan, Mu, ed. 2018. “Xi gives new impetus to Belt and Road Initiative.” Xinhua, August 28. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-08/28/c_137423414.htm.
Yan, ed. 2018. “Ukraine Establishes Center to Promote BRI Trade, Investment.” Xinhua, July 6. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-07/06/c_137304440.htm.
Zhao, Suisheng. 2010. Chinese Nationalism and Approaches toward East Asian Regional Cooperation. New York: Council on Foreign Relations.
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2018-12-27
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Lopattananont, Thanayod. 2018. “Belt and Road Initiative at the Historic Turn of the 21st Century”. ASIAN REVIEW 31 (2):6-25. https://so01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/arv/article/view/224657.
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