Chophayom Journal

Legal Vacuums and Administrative Bottlenecks in the Co-production of Public Services: A Case Study of Civil Society Rescue Networks

Piyaponwadee Thongdee — 2026-08-27

This academic analysis unpacks the complex interstices and brittle institutional bonds between state and civil society emergency networks. Seen through the multidisciplinary prisms of theories of Co-production Network Governance in Crisis Management and Administrative Law, the analysis uncovers that despite the collaborative fabric rhetoric, this collaboration is still riven with structural tirades of (notably) administrative antagonism and acute resource deprivation. But the deepest and most dangerous fracture lies in the legal vacuum facing those at the frontline. These volunteers risk their lives and go head-to-head with danger in the role of de facto officials, pursuing public obligations in the name of the state and yet they receive institutional abandonment when unpreventable accidents or tragedies occur. Regularly, the state removes from them the safeguards of the 1996 Act on Liability for Wrongful Acts of Officials. A paradigm in which the state is happy to reap the fruit of citizens labor and sacrifice without ever offering to “share in the risk” leaving just alone, legally endangered individuals to confront mighty adversaries feels like a grotesque injustice and a betrayal of the very soul of public law. In order to redress the equity and complexity issues in play, this article argues for a radical transformation of state policy and legal framework and it urges the government to finally treat these volunteers not just as their subordinates, but as bona-fide partners. Such a change requires closing legal loopholes that will provide a protective canopy over heroes on the front lines, reshaping rigid command structures to jibe with networked fluidity and reforming financial structures to keep resources flowing in the lifeblood. They also are more than just a matter of policy these are the prerequisites for fostering a disaster relief environment of lasting compassion, mutual aid and sustainable equity.

Personal Data Protection Laws and Good Governance Principles in Public Policy Aim to Promote the Efficiency of Public Administration and Protect Citizens' Rights

Jarintorn Boonyarit — 2026-08-27

This academic article aims to investigate 1. study personal data protection laws and good governance principles in public policy 2. examine models for legal and governance impact assessments and 3. offer policy recommendations to enhance public administration efficiency. The study found that 1) Regarding legal and governance principles in public policy, the enforcement of the Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA) faces challenges in balancing the use of big data for public policy services with maintaining citizen privacy. The application of good governance principles can help reduce risks and increase public trust 2) In terms of impact assessment models, the Personal Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA), coupled with Legal Impact Assessment (LIA) and good governance assessments, are crucial tools for addressing governance issues and elevating public sector standards to international levels and 3) Policy recommendations include accelerating the integration of secure and cybersecurity infrastructure, appointing specialized Data Protection Officers (DPOs), promoting open data policies with anonymization and fostering a public sector culture that recognizes personal data rights to achieve sustainable public administration efficiency.

The Power of Giving A Strategy for Building Morale at the Border

Suphachok Dongsombat — 2026-08-27

This academic article aims to examine the role of Buddhist monks in strengthening the morale of military personnel within the context of contemporary security society. It focuses on explaining the role of belief capital as a mechanism that integrates religion, society and security, an area that remain underexplored in security studies, which have traditionally emphasized strategic, political and military dimensions. The study employs documentary analysis, field observation and the synthesis of interdisciplinary literature in Buddhism, sociology, and security studies. The findings are interpreted through the conceptual frameworks of dāna (generosity), belief capital, social capital and psychological resilience. The findings indicate that belief capital functions as a form of spiritual resource that enhances the psychological stability of military personnel through the transmission of Buddhist teachings, religious rituals and the presentation of sacred amulets by Buddhist monks. These practices extend beyond conventional religious ceremonies, serving as cultural skilful means (upāya) that alleviate fear, strengthen psychological resilience and enhance soldiers’ preparedness for high-risk missions. Furthermore, military personnel are not merely recipients of belief capital but also active agents in reproducing and transmitting it through the sharing of sacred objects, mutual encouragement and the cultivation of solidarity within military units. Consequently, belief capital evolves into social capital that reinforces trust, cohesion and organizational resilience within the security sector. This article proposes a new body of knowledge by conceptualizing belief capital as both a form of cultural and a spiritual resource that contributes to human security. It demonstrates that belief capital serves as an integrative mechanism linking Buddhism, psychology, sociology and security studies, thereby broadening the conventional understanding of security from a predominantly physical perspective to one that encompasses psychological and social dimensions. The findings also provide practical implications for the development of policies aimed at enhancing the morale and psychological well-being of military personnel within the Thei socio-cultural context.

Artificial Intelligence and the Development of Human Capital's Critical Thinking in Thai Education

Kanisorn Wipaspongsakorn — 2026-08-28

This article aims to analyze the impacts of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the critical thinking and analytical thinking skills of human capital within the context of Thai education, as well as to propose approaches for developing an educational system capable of utilizing AI appropriately and effectively. The study employs a documentary research approach through the review and synthesis of knowledge derived from books, academic articles, research studies, reports published by international organizations and relevant policy documents, including those issued by UNESCO, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the World Economic Forum (WEF) and Thai government agencies. The collected information is analyzed using content analysis to examine the impacts and emerging trends of AI and to identify appropriate approaches to human capital development in the age of artificial intelligence. The findings indicate that AI presents both opportunities and challenges for the Thai education system. On the one hand, AI can facilitate personalized learning, broaden access to knowledge and enhance the efficiency of educational management. On the other hand, excessive reliance on AI may contribute to a decline in learners’ critical thinking, analytical thinking, problem-solving skills and intellectual autonomy. Furthermore, the findings highlight that strengthening AI literacy, redesigning assessment and evaluation practices to emphasize thinking processes and establishing appropriate governance frameworks for AI use are essential factors in developing human capital capable of working effectively alongside AI. The findings of this article can serve as a foundation for policy formulation, curriculum development and instructional practices aimed at enhancing the quality of education and advancing human capital development in Thailand in the digital era.

Editorial and Table of Contents

Editorial and Table of Contents — 2026-08-28

Editorial and Table of Contents

Appendix : Guidelines for writing articles

Appendix : Guidelines for Writing Articles — 2026-08-28

Appendix : Guidelines for writing articles

The Development of Professional Attributes and Competencies in Accounting to Meet the Needs of Accounting Firms through Integration with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Kanokphon Thongsamlit — 2026-07-12

This research consists purposes were to investigate the accounting professional characteristics and qualifications required by accounting firms in Khon Kaen Province. This research employed a quantitative research design. The research instrument was a structured questionnaire. The sample consisted of 30 representatives from accounting firms located in Mueang Khon Kaen District Khon Kaen Province, selected through purposive sampling. The data collected from the questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including percentage, mean and standard deviation. The findings revealed that the overall demand for accounting professional characteristics among accounting firms was at the highest level. Among the required professional characteristics, accounting professional ethics received the highest mean score (x̄ = 4.71, S.D. = 0.50), followed by analytical and problem-solving skills (x̄ = 4.49, S.D. = 0.55), information technology competency (x̄ = 4.36, S.D. = 0.59), accounting professional knowledge (x̄ = 4.32, S.D. = 0.63), accounting professional skills (x̄ = 4.22, S.D. = 0.61) and English language proficiency (x̄ = 3.38, S.D. = 0.83). Regarding the demand for information technology competency as an accounting professional characteristic, the overall level of demand was at the highest level (x̄ = 4.59, S.D. = 0.60). When each aspect was considered individually, ranked from the highest to the lowest mean score, the most highly demanded competency was the ability to use computers to prepare accounting information for both internal and external users of the organization (x̄ = 4.47, S.D. = 0.57). This was followed by the ability to utilize information systems for the preparation of financial statements and value-added tax (VAT) reports submitted to financial statement users and the Revenue Department (x̄ = 4.37, S.D. = 0.56), the ability to apply technology in the preparation of accounting information (x̄ = 4.33, S.D. = 0.61), and the ability to use information systems to prepare cost analysis reports and budget reports (x̄ = 4.27, S.D. = 0.64), respectively.

Factors and Collaboration Affecting the Effectiveness of Using Computerized Accounting Systems (New e-LAAS) for Sustainable Development: A Case Study of Sub-district Administrative Organizations and Sub-district Municipalities in Mueang Khon Kaen District Khon Kaen Province

Jitlada Yuenyang — 2026-07-18

The purpose of the research was 1. to evaluate the efficiency of the New Electronic Local Administrative Accounting System (New e-LAAS) utilized by Sub-district Administrative Organizations (SAOs) in Manchakiri District Khon Kaen Province and 2. to compare the efficiency of the New Electronic Local Administrative Accounting System (New e-LAAS) based on the personal characteristics of its users within the Sub-district Administrative Organizations in Manchakiri District Khon Kaen Province. This study employed a quantitative research design. The research instrument was a structured questionnaire. The sample consisted of 37 personnel responsible for operating the New Electronic Local Administrative Accounting System (New e-LAAS) in the Sub-district Administrative Organizations of Manchakiri District Khon Kaen Province. The participants were selected using purposive sampling. The data collected through the questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including the calculation of the mean and standard deviation. The findings revealed that 1) Evaluation of the efficiency of the New Electronic Local Administrative Accounting System (New e-LAAS) used by Sub-district Administrative Organizations (SAOs) in Manchakiri District Khon Kaen Province indicated that the overall efficiency was rated at a high level across all dimensions. Specifically, the highest mean score was found for the New e-LAAS software system (x̄ = 4.17, S.D. = 0.79), followed by confidence in the system (x̄ = 4.05, S.D. = 0.73) and government support (x̄ = 3.80, S.D. = 0.82), all of which were evaluated at a high level and 2) Comparison of the efficiency of the New Electronic Local Administrative Accounting System (New e-LAAS) according to users personal characteristics revealed that a comparison based on gender could not be performed because all 37 respondents (100%) were female, with no male participants included in the sample. Consequently, no conclusions regarding gender differences in the evaluation results could be drawn from this dataset. Furthermore, the findings indicated that users with different personal characteristics exhibited statistically significant differences in certain dimensions of the quality of the New e-LAAS. These differences were reflected in users' evaluations of system utilization and varied according to their job positions, indicating that personnel holding different positions perceived the effectiveness of the system differently.

Traditional Long Drum Competitions as a Cultural Mechanism for Youth Motivation and the Transmission of Local Wisdom in Rong Kham District Kalasin Province

Jarinya Ano — 2026-07-29

This research consists purposes were 1. to examine the role of the Ancient Klong Yao (Long Drum) Competition in motivating youth in Rong Kham District Kalasin Province and 2. to investigate the approaches and processes for transmitting indigenous musical wisdom, particularly Ancient Klong Yao (Long Drum) traditions, to the younger generation in order to preserve and sustain the local cultural identity. This study employed a qualitative research design. The research instrument was a semi-structured interview guide. The target participants consisted of four youth teams participating in the Ancient Klong Yao competition and experts and specialists in Thai folk music, all of whom were selected through purposive sampling. The data collected from documentary sources and interviews were analyzed using content analysis. The research findings reveal that 1) The traditional Klong Yao competition serves as a crucial social space for cultivating youth motivation. This motivation initiates from extrinsic factors, such as community recognition, competition awards and support from social institutions like families and temples. These extrinsic factors subsequently evolve into intrinsic motivations, characterized by a sense of pride in personal competence, a genuine passion for the arts and the internalization of folk music as a fundamental component of the youths personal identity and 2) Regarding the transmission of traditional wisdom, the process operates within a cultural ecosystem that interlinks multiple generations. Knowledge transfer occurs vertically, from local masters to youth and horizontally, through peer-to-peer learning within the musical ensembles. Furthermore, the competitions establish artistic standards through structured evaluation criteria, ensuring that localized unique features such as the Huea Suang rhythm and the traditional “Sab San - Sab Yao” dance movements remain authentic to their original forms.

The Role of Music in the Mor Lam Thiamtham Ritual: A Case Study of Ban Non Sung Non Sung Sub-district Yang Talat District Kalasin Province

Tanawat Woranit — 2026-08-02

This research consists purposes were 1. to examine the role of music in the Mor Lam Thiamtham ritual as a key component of the healing process based on beliefs and local wisdom and 2. to investigate the changes in music within the Mor Lam Thiamtham ritual. This study employed a qualitative research design. The research instruments consisted of semi-structured interviews and non-participant observation. The target participants comprised five key informants, including a Mor Lam Thiam Tham ritual practitioner, a traditional musician, a patient and community leaders, all of whom were selected through purposive sampling. The data collected from documentary sources, interviews and observations were analyzed using content analysis. The findings revealed that 1) Music constitutes a fundamental component of the Mor Lam Thiam Tham healing ritual, particularly the sound of the khaen (traditional Lao–Isan free-reed mouth organ), which functions as the principal rhythmic instrument and creates an atmosphere of sacredness throughout the ceremony. During the opening phase of the ritual, the music is performed at a slow tempo to foster a sense of tranquility and reverence toward the sacred. As the ritual progresses into the healing phase, the tempo becomes increasingly lively, encouraging participants to engage actively in the ceremony. In some cases, patients were observed rising to dance alongside the ritual practitioner. Such responses indicate that music plays a significant role in stimulating emotional engagement, enhancing psychological well-being and strengthening patients morale during the healing process and 2) The Mor Lam Thiam Tham healing ritual also plays an important role in providing emotional support to patients and their families. The ritual creates opportunities for community members to participate collectively in offering encouragement and support to the patients. This communal involvement helps strengthen patients confidence, fosters psychological resilience and enhances their motivation to cope with illness

Development of a Model for Enhancing Innovative Leadership in Active Learning Management Among Teachers in Small-Sized Schools to Improve Student Quality under Roi-Et Primary Educational Service Area 1

Busakorn Saenyabut — 2026-08-02

This research consists purposes were 1. to investigate the components and priority needs for developing innovative leadership in active learning management among teachers in small-sized schools to enhance student quality 2. to develop a model for fostering innovative leadership in active learning management among teachers in small-sized schools to improve student quality and 3. to implement and evaluate the developed model. This study employed a quantitative research design. The research instruments consisted of questionnaires and evaluation forms. The study was conducted in three phases. In Phase 1, the sample comprised 490 participants selected through purposive sampling. In Phase 2, 20 participants were selected using purposive sampling to contribute to the development of the model. In Phase 3, the developed model was implemented and evaluated with 33 participants, who were also selected through purposive sampling. The data collected from the questionnaires and evaluation forms were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including percentage, mean and standard deviation. In addition, the Priority Needs Index (PNI) was employed to determine the priority needs for developing innovative leadership in active learning management. The findings revealed that 1) Components and priority needs for developing innovative leadership in active learning management were identified as follows. First, innovative leadership in active learning management comprises four key components: visionary leadership, teamwork, creativity and the creation of a supportive learning atmosphere. The overall evaluation of these components was rated at the highest level (x̄ = 4.86, S.D. = 0.35). Second, the assessment of the priority needs for developing innovative leadership in active learning management indicated that the current state was at a moderate level (x̄ = 3.14, S.D. = 0.55), while the Priority Needs Index (PNI) was 0.47, indicating a high level of developmental need. Among the four components, creativity demonstrated the highest priority need (PNI = 0.75), followed by the creation of a supportive learning atmosphere (PNI = 0.49), visionary leadership (PNI = 0.47), and teamwork (PNI = 0.40), respectively. 2) Development and implementation of the model for enhancing innovative leadership in active learning management among teachers in small-sized schools to improve student quality yielded the following findings: (1) The developed model comprised six major components: principles, theoretical foundations, objectives, development content, development procedures and measurement and evaluation. The development procedures consisted of workshops, practicum, coaching and dialogue (knowledge-sharing sessions). The overall evaluation of the model was rated at the highest level (x̄ = 4.74, S.D. = 0.44), indicating that the model was highly appropriate and feasible for implementation (2) The tryout of the developed model demonstrated positive outcomes. Overall, teachers' innovative leadership in active learning management was rated at a high level (x̄ = 3.89, S.D. = 0.28). Their ability to develop active learning innovations was also assessed at a high level (x̄ = 4.35, S.D. = 0.45). Furthermore, the Relative Gain Score indicated an overall improvement at a high level, with an average gain of 72.92%. When compared with the predetermined criterion of 50%, 22 teachers met or exceeded the criterion, while 7 teachers did not. In addition, the quality of the active learning innovations developed by the participants was evaluated at a high level overall (x̄ = 4.31, S.D. = 0.35) and 3) Implementation of the model for developing innovative leadership in active learning management among teachers in small-sized schools to enhance student quality produced the following results: (1) Teachers' innovative leadership in active learning management was rated at a high level overall (x̄ = 4.02, S.D. = 0.47) (2) Teachers' ability to develop active learning innovations was assessed at the highest level overall (x̄ = 4.53, S.D. = 0.47). In addition, the Relative Gain Score indicated an overall improvement at a very high level, with an average gain of 78.32%. When compared with the predetermined criterion of 50%, all 88 participating teachers met the criterion (3) The quality of the active learning innovations developed by the teachers was evaluated at a high level overall (x̄ = 4.45, S.D. = 0.46). These findings demonstrate that the proposed model was effective in strengthening teachers' innovative leadership, enhancing their capacity to develop active learning innovations and improving the overall quality of instructional innovations in small-sized schools.

Standardized Judging Criteria for the Traditional Klong Yao Competition in Rong Kham District Kalasin Province

Pratya Parapim — 2026-08-12

This research consists purposes were 1. to examine the roles and identity of the ancient long drums (Klong Yao Boran) in Rong Kham District Kalasin Province and 2. to analyze the structure of the standard criteria used for judging ancient long-drum competitions (Seng Klong Yao Boran) in Rong Kham District Kalasin Province. This qualitative study employed two research instruments: interview and observation forms. The target group consisted of five participants, including folk music experts, competition participants and local stakeholders in Rong Kham District Kalasin Province. All participants were selected through purposive sampling. The data obtained from documentary sources and the research instruments were analyzed using content analysis. The findings revealed that 1) the traditional long drum of Rong Kham District possesses distinctive characteristics, particularly its clear, high-pitched and melodious sound, as well as a competition format in which performers move in a circular procession around the competition field. These characteristics reflect the local cultural context and the concept of fairness in evaluating drum sound quality and 2) the judging criteria are systematically structured with clearly defined scoring proportions. Sound quality receives the highest weighting at 50%, followed by rhythm and synchronization at 20%, performance style and creativity at 20% and traditional local attire at 10% and the establishment of these standardized judging criteria serves as an important mechanism for preserving, transmitting and perpetuating the identity of traditional folk music associated with the Seng Klong Yao tradition of Rong Kham District, enabling it to remain sustainable within the context of contemporary society.

A Study on the Motivation of Accounting Undergraduate Students in Khon Kaen Province toward Their Future Accounting Profession

Surangkanang Kamonrueang — 2026-08-16

This research consists purposes were 1. to study the personal factors that influence the decision of accounting students in Khon Kaen to choose the accounting profession exam in Khon Kaen province 2. to study the career factors that influence the choice of accounting students in Khon Kaen province, such as career advancement opportunities and expected returns and 3. to study the differences in student characteristics that may affect their career path decisions, such as age, gender, education level and personal interests. This study employed a quantitative research design, using a questionnaire as the research instrument. The sample consisted of 100 accounting students in Khon Kaen Province, with the sample size determined using Yamane’s formula (1973) at a 0.05 level of precision. The participants were selected through accidental sampling. The data collected from the questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including percentage, mean and standard deviation. The findings revealed that 1) Personal factors The majority of respondents were female (88.00%), aged 20–22 years (47.00%) and reported a personal interest in learning technology and accounting software (32.00%) 2) Career-related factors Overall opinions toward the accounting profession were rated at the highest level (x̄ = 4.68, S.D. = 0.60) and 3) Priorities and confidence in the Certified Public Accountant (CPA) profession Students placed the greatest importance on professional responsibility, followed by the nature of accounting work. They also expressed a high level of confidence that the Certified Public Accountant (CPA) license is a key factor in unlocking opportunities for career advancement and outstanding financial success in the accounting profession.

Factors Affecting the Success of the Management of the Community Welfare Fund Wang Saeng Sub-district Kae dam District Maha Sarakham Province

Natdanai Phoopanna — 2026-08-17

This research consists purposes were 1. to examine the level of success in managing the Wang Saeng Sub-district Community Welfare Fund Kae Dam District Maha Sarakham Province and 2. to investigate the factors affecting the success of managing the Wang Saeng Sub-district Community Welfare Fund Kae Dam District Maha Sarakham Province. This study employed a quantitative research design, using a questionnaire as the research instrument. The sample consisted of 325 members of the Wang Saeng Sub-district Community Welfare Fund Kae Dam District Maha Sarakham Province. The sample size was determined using Yamane’s formula (1973) at a 0.05 level of precision. The participants were selected using proportionate sampling and simple random sampling. The data collected from the questionnaires were analyzed using statistical methods including frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and multiple regression analysis. The research findings revealed that 1) The success of community welfare fund management in Wang Saeng Sub-district Kae Dam District Maha Sarakham Province was rated at the highest level overall (x̄ = 4.22, S.D. = 0.95). When ranked by mean score from highest to lowest, the dimensions were management, participation, planning and leadership, respectively and 2) Factors affecting the success of community welfare fund management in Wang Saeng Sub-district Kae Dam District Maha Sarakham Province were rated at the highest level overall (x̄ = 4.23, S.D. = 0.94). The findings indicated that member-related factors and operational factors significantly influenced the success of community welfare fund management at the 0.05 significance level. The multiple correlation coefficient (R) was 0.997, while the coefficient of determination (R²) was 0.995, indicating that the predictor variables collectively explained 99.50% of the variance in the success of community welfare fund management.

Development of a Positive Psychology-Based Program to Promote Self-Directed Learning for Grade 8 Students

Rungrat Boonnan — 2026-08-17

This research consists purposes were 1. to develop a positive psychology-based program to promote self-directed learning among Grade 8 students 2. to compare students’ self-directed learning ability before and after participating in the program and 3. to examine students’ satisfaction with the developed program. This study employed a quasi-experimental quantitative research design. The research instruments consisted of a program appropriateness assessment form, a self-directed learning assessment and a satisfaction questionnaire. The experimental sample comprised 34 Grade 8 students (Mathayom 2) at Uttaradit Rajabhat University Demonstration School during the 2025 academic year, selected through cluster random sampling. The researcher implemented the program for a total of 16 hours. The data collected from the research instruments were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including percentage, mean and standard deviation, as well as the t-test. The findings revealed that 1) the developed program consisted of five components rationale and principles, objectives, content, activity implementation and measurement and evaluation. The overall suitability of the program was rated at a high level (x̅= 4.24, S.D. = 0.38) 2) students' self-directed learning ability after participating in the program was significantly higher than before participation at the .05 level and 3) students' overall satisfaction with the program was at the highest level (x̅= 4.68, S.D. = 0.45).

Development of Reading Comprehension Ability Through Brain-Based Learning Combined with SQ4R Technique for Grade 7 Students

Chalita Piadee — 2026-08-19

This research consists purposes were 1. to develop lesson plans to enhance reading comprehension through Brain-Based Learning integrated with the SQ4R Technique for Grade 7 students 2. to compare students’ reading comprehension ability before and after learning through the developed instructional approach and 3. to examine students’ satisfaction with the instructional approach. This study employed a quasi-experimental quantitative research design. The research instruments consisted of lesson plans, a lesson plan appropriateness assessment form, a reading comprehension test assessing students’ ability to identify main ideas and a satisfaction questionnaire. The sample comprised 20 Grade 7 students, selected through cluster random sampling. The data collected from the research instruments were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including percentage, mean and standard deviation, as well as the t-test. The results revealed that 1) the developed lesson plans were rated at a high level of appropriateness overall (x̅= 4.49, SD = 0.34) 2) the students’ reading comprehension ability after the intervention was significantly higher than that before the intervention at the .05 level and 3) the students' overall satisfaction with the instructional approach was at a high level (x̅= 4.58, SD = 0.31).

The Learning Outcomes on Basic Legal Knowledge Through the QSCCS Instructional Model and Multimedia Among Grade 6 Students

Tassanee Judkanta — 2026-08-20

This research consists purposes were 1. to develop lesson plans on Essential Legal Knowledge using the QSCCS instructional model and multimedia for Grade 6 students 2. to investigate the students’ learning achievement after receiving the instruction and 3. to examine the students’ satisfaction with the instructional management. This study employed a quasi-experimental quantitative research design. The research instruments consisted of lesson plans on Know Your Laws using the QSCCS model and multimedia materials, a learning achievement test and a student satisfaction questionnaire. The sample comprised 30 Grade 6 students at Ban Pha Wiang School, under the jurisdiction of the Sukhothai Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, who were selected through cluster random sampling, with the classroom serving as the sampling unit. The data collected from the research instruments were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, percentage and a one-sample t-test. The findings revealed that 1) The overall appropriateness of the lesson plans was rated at the highest level (x̄ = 4.55, S.D. = 0.11) 2) The students’ post-learning achievement had a mean score of 351.83 with a standard deviation of 0.33. The mean score was significantly higher than the predetermined criterion of 70% at the .05 significance level (t = 152.77, p = .000) and 3) The students’ overall satisfaction with the learning management was rated at the highest level (x̄ = 4.68, S.D. = 0.05).

The Development of English Speaking Skills through Communicative Language Teaching and Gamification for Grade 4 Students

Maneenooch Jaiwong — 2026-08-21

The purposes of this research were 1. to develop lesson plans for enhancing English speaking skills through Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) and gamification for Grade 4 students 2. to compare Grade 4 students' English speaking skills after learning through Communicative Language Teaching and gamification with the 75% criterion and 3. to examine the students' satisfaction with the instructional approach. This study employed a quasi-experimental quantitative research design. The research instruments consisted of English-speaking skills lesson plans based on Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) and Gamification, an English-speaking skills test, and a student satisfaction questionnaire. The study employed a one-group posttest-only design. The sample comprised 42 Grade 4/1 students at the Demonstration School of Uttaradit Rajabhat University during the 2026 academic year, selected through cluster random sampling, with the classroom serving as the sampling unit. The researcher implemented the instructional intervention for a total of 16 hours. The data collected from the research instruments were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including percentage, mean and standard deviation, as well as a one-sample t-test. The findings revealed that 1) the lesson plans were rated at the highest level of appropriateness (x̅= 4.60, S.D. = 0.49) 2) the students' English speaking skills after the intervention were significantly higher than the 75% criterion at the .05 level and 3) the students' overall satisfaction with the instructional approach was at the highest level (x̅= 4.51, S.D. = 0.70).

Developing Chinese Speaking Skills through Brain-Based Learning with Board Games for Grade 3 Students

Thipsuda Deoudom — 2026-08-21

This research consists purposes were 1. to develop lesson plans for enhancing Chinese speaking skills through Brain-Based Learning with board games for Grade 3 students 2. to compare students' Chinese speaking skills before and after learning through Brain-Based Learning with board games and 3. to investigate students' satisfaction with learning through Brain-Based Learning with board games. the sample consisted of 13 Grade 3 students enrolled at Tessaban Wat Nong Pha School during the first semester of the 2026 academic year. The participants were selected using cluster random sampling, with the school serving as the sampling unit. The research instruments included lesson plans based on Brain-Based Learning with board games. a pre-test and post-test of Chinese speaking skills and a student satisfaction questionnaire administered after the instructional intervention. The data were analyzed using mean standard deviation percentage and dependent samples t-test. The findings revealed that 1) the quality of the lesson plans developed through Brain-Based Learning with board games was rated at a high level (x̅= 4.47, S.D. = 0.15), indicating that the lesson plans were appropriate and effective for promoting students' Chinese speaking skills 2) the students' Chinese speaking skills after learning were significantly higher than those before learning at the .05 level of statistical significance, demonstrating that Brain-Based Learning with board games effectively enhanced students' Chinese speaking skills and 3) the students' overall satisfaction with the learning activities was at the highest level (x̅= 4.81, S.D. = 0.09) The findings indicate that Brain-Based Learning with board games not only improved students' Chinese speaking skills but also increased their confidence in using Chinese for communication. The high level of satisfaction further reflected students' positive attitudes toward the lesson plans and the learning activities.

The Development of Analytical Thinking of Higher Primary School by Using Community Based Learning: A Case Study of Ban Kong Ko Sufficiency Economy Community

Sunee Yamkong — 2026-08-22

This research consists purposes were 1. Develop a lesson plan for developing analytical thinking skills in upper elementary students using community-based learning 2. Study the analytical thinking skills of upper elementary students after participating in community-based learning activities 3. Study the learning outcomes of upper elementary students after participating in community-based learning activities and 4. Study the satisfaction of upper elementary students with the community-based learning activities aimed at developing analytical thinking skills. This was a quasi-experimental study using nine community-based learning lesson plans for upper elementary students, an analytical thinking test, a test on the Sufficiency Economy and a satisfaction questionnaire. The sample consisted of 26 upper elementary students from Ban Kong Ko School, selected using school as the random sampling unit. Data collected were analyzed using mean, standard deviation and t-test. The research findings showed that 1) The development of nine lesson plans for enhancing analytical thinking among upper-primary school students through community-based learning was evaluated as highly appropriate overall (x̄ = 4.19, S.D. = 0.41) 2) The students’ analytical thinking performance had a mean score of 16.42 (S.D. = 0.95, t = 2.282) 3) The students’ learning achievement after participating in the community-based learning activities had a mean score of 375.08 (S.D. = 12.23, t = 16.708), which was significantly higher than the predetermined criterion of 80% at the .05 significance level and 4) The students’ overall satisfaction with the learning activities designed to develop analytical thinking through community-based learning was rated at the highest level (x̄ = 4.53, S.D. = 0.16).

The Disadvantages and Obstacles in the Forensic Evidences Acquiring of the Investigators

Suwanit Tednuan — 2026-08-22

This research consists purposes were 1. to study the problems and obstacles faced by inquiry officials in gathering forensic evidence and 2. to explore guidelines for resolving these issues. This study employed a qualitative research design. The primary research instrument was a semi-structured in-depth interview guide. The target group, selected through purposive sampling, consisted of 7 inquiry officials currently serving at the Mueang Phetchabun Police Station who possess direct experience in handling criminal cases that require the utilization of forensic evidence. Data gathered from documents, literature, interviews, records, observations and other relevant sources were analyzed using content analysis. The research findings found that 1) Key problems and obstacles in the collection of forensic evidence by inquiry officers at Mueang Phetchabun Police Station could be classified into four main issues 1.1) Legal limitations: Section 131/1 of the Criminal Procedure Code imposes limitations concerning the prescribed penalty and consent requirements for the collection of forensic evidence 1.2) Budgetary constraints The budget allocated at the police-station level for forensic operations is limited 1.3) Personnel expertise Cases involving technically complex forensic procedures still rely heavily on forensic science officers. In addition, inquiry officers tend to rely more on digital evidence because it is relatively accessible and often provides clear and readily usable information 1.4) Discontinuity in the chain of custody The chain of custody may be interrupted due to limitations in time and available space, as well as insufficient understanding among members of the public regarding the proper handling and preservation of evidence and 2) Guidelines for addressing the problems and obstacles included the following 2.1) The Criminal Procedure Code, Section 131/1, should be reviewed and amended to address existing limitations concerning the collection of forensic evidence 2.2) A judicial authorization mechanism for compulsory collection of physical evidence from a person’s body should be established, allowing inquiry officers to seek court approval for compulsory examination or evidence collection when a suspect refuses or does not provide consent 2.3) Forensic science budgets should be allocated directly to the inquiry divisions of individual police stations to ensure sufficient resources for forensic evidence collection and investigation 2.4) Basic digital evidence acquisition and preservation equipment should be provided and installed at police stations to enable inquiry officers to secure and preserve digital evidence at the initial stage of an investigation and 2.5) Continuous joint practical workshops should be organized every six months for relevant personnel to strengthen their knowledge, practical skills and coordination in the collection, preservation, and management of forensic evidence.

The Effects of Learning Organizing Experiences Brain Based Learning and Board Games for Integrated with Basic Mathematical of Kindergarten

Sakaorat Maliulom — 2026-08-22

The purposes of this research were 1. to develop an experience-based learning management plan using Brain-Based Learning (BBL) integrated with board games to enhance the fundamental mathematical skills of kindergarten children and 2. to compare the fundamental mathematical skills of kindergarten children before and after participating in the Brain-Based Learning approach integrated with board games. The population consisted of 90 Kindergarten 2 students enrolled at Phraharuthai Sawankhalok School during the 2026 academic year. The sample comprised 30 Kindergarten 2/2 students selected through cluster random sampling, with the classroom serving as the sampling unit. The research instruments consisted of experience-based learning management plans, a lesson plan evaluation form and a basic mathematics skills assessment. The data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation and dependent-samples t-test. The findings revealed that 1) The learning experience plans based on brain-based learning integrated with board games to develop basic mathematical skills among kindergarten children were rated at the highest level of appropriateness overall (x̄ = 4.55, S.D. = 0.51). When considered by individual aspects, learning materials received the highest mean score (x̄ = 4.78, S.D. = 0.38), followed by learning activities (x̄ = 4.61, S.D. = 0.48), alignment of the plans with the curriculum (x̄ = 4.58, S.D. = 0.58), learning objectives and content (x̄ = 4.44, S.D. = 0.58), and feasibility and practical applicability (x̄ = 4.40, S.D. = 0.58), respectively. The aspect with the lowest mean score was measurement and evaluation (x̄ = 4.33, S.D. = 0.58) and 2) Kindergarten children who participated in learning experiences based on brain-based learning integrated with board games demonstrated significantly higher basic mathematical skills after learning than before learning at the .05 significance level.

Development of a Model for Enhancing Contextual Academic Leadership of School Administrators under Mae Hong Son Primary Educational Service Area Office 2

Nopporn Detchit — 2026-08-24

This research consists purposes were 1. to investigate the components, priority needs and development guidelines for context-based instructional leadership among school administrators 2. to develop and validate the quality of a context-based instructional leadership development model for school administrators 3. to implement the developed model and 4. to evaluate the effectiveness of the model. This study employed a mixed-methods research design, integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches. The research instruments consisted of a component and indicator assessment form, a questionnaire on current and desirable conditions, an interview protocol, a draft model quality assessment form, the development model, a model-based assessment form and a model evaluation form. The target groups included 15 experts who evaluated the components, 5 experts who were interviewed regarding development guidelines, 10 experts who validated the model and 150 school administrators. All participants were selected through purposive sampling. The quantitative data collected from the research instruments were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including percentage, mean, standard deviation, the Priority Needs Index (PNI) and Relative Gain Score. The qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. The findings revealed that 1) contextual academic leadership of school administrators consisted of 5 components and 30 indicators. The overall appropriateness was at the highest level (x̅= 4.78, S.D. = 0.41). The current condition was at a moderate level (x̅= 3.13, S.D. = 0.54), while the desirable condition was at the highest level (x̅= 4.62, S.D. = 0.33), with a PNI of 0.48. 2) The development model consisted of 6 components, 5 development steps and 7 development content areas. The overall quality of the draft model was at a high level (x̅= 4.49, S.D. = 0.50). 3) The implementation results showed that school administrators’ contextual academic leadership, ability to develop innovation and innovation quality were at high levels (x̅= 4.36, 4.35 and 4.20, respectively). The quality of contextual academic administration had a score of 65.34, which was at a high level and 4) The overall evaluation of the development model was at a high level (x̅= 4.48, S.D. = 0.52).

Learning Outcomes in Science Using the STEAM Education Approach for Students in Mathayom 2

Pattarikan Akadecho — 2026-08-24

This research consists purposes were 1. to develop science lesson plans based on the STEAM Education approach on the topic of Forces in Everyday Life for Students in Mathayom 2 2. to compare the science learning achievement for Students in Mathayom 2 before and after learning through the STEAM Education approach 3. to examine students’ competency in innovation creation in science learning on the topic of Forces in Everyday Life through the STEAM Education approach and 4. to examine students’ satisfaction with science learning through the STEAM Education approach. This study employed a quasi-experimental quantitative research design. The research instruments consisted of lesson plans, a lesson plan appropriateness assessment form, a science learning achievement test, an innovation creation competency assessment form and a satisfaction questionnaire. The sample comprised 20 students in Mathayom 2, who were selected using cluster random sampling, with the school serving as the sampling unit. The data collected from the research instruments were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including percentage, mean and standard deviation and comparisons were conducted using the t-test. The results revealed that 1) the developed lesson plans were rated at the highest level of appropriateness overall (x̅= 4.61, S.D. = 0.49) 2) the students’ science learning achievement after the intervention was significantly higher than that before the intervention at the .05 level 3) the students’ competency in innovation creation was at a high level (x̅= 4.04, S.D. = 0.71) and 4) the students’ overall satisfaction with the STEAM Education approach was at the highest level (x̅= 4.51, S.D. = 0.56).

The Development of a Training Curriculum on Local Wisdom of Natural Soil Dyeing Fabric in Ban Wang Hat for Lower Secondary School Students

Sutanee Sansuk — 2026-08-24

This research consists purposes were 1. to investigate the needs and develop a training curriculum on Ban Wang Hat soil dyeing for lower secondary school students 2. to examine the effectiveness of the training curriculum on Ban Wang Hat soil dyeing for lower secondary school students and 3. to investigate the satisfaction of the trainees with the training curriculum on Ban Wang Hat soil dyeing for lower secondary school students. This study employed a quantitative research design, guided by Taba’s curriculum development model integrated with the QSCCS learning approach. The research instruments consisted of a training curriculum on Ban Wang Hat soil dyeing, an academic achievement test, a practical skills assessment form, a desirable characteristics assessment form and a satisfaction questionnaire. The sample comprised 23 Mathayom 3 students at Taling Chan Wittayanusorn School Ban Dan Lan Hoi District Sukhothai Province, who were selected through purposive sampling. The data collected from the research instruments were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including percentage, mean and standard deviation and comparisons were conducted using the t-test. The findings revealed that 1) the needs assessment indicated that students were interested in and required participation in the training program, with an emphasis on hands-on learning. School administrators and teachers suggested that the curriculum should comprehensively cover knowledge and practical skills in soil fabric dyeing, as well as product development and value-added creation. Based on the needs assessment, a training curriculum comprising seven learning units with a total duration of 20 hours was developed. The curriculum demonstrated the highest level of congruence (x̅= 4.81, S.D. = 0.40) and appropriateness (x̅= 4.67, S.D. = 0.15) 2) all trainees achieved the established criterion of 80 percent in every assessment aspect and 3) the participants' overall satisfaction with the training curriculum was at the highest level (x̅= 4.78, S.D. = 0.16).

Intercultural Communicative Competence and Communication Challenges Among Hotel Employees in Chiang Mai

Patchara Kornkeeratikanr — 2026-08-25

This research consists purposes were 1. to compare the intercultural communicative competence (ICC) of less experienced and highly experienced hotel employees in Chiang Mai 2. to investigate the intercultural communication challenges encountered by hotel employees when interacting with international guests and 3. to explore the strategies used to overcome intercultural misunderstandings and language barriers. This study employed a mixed-methods design with a dominant quantitative approach supplemented by qualitative data from open-ended questions. The research instrument was a structured questionnaire consisting of five sections covering demographic information, ICC, communication challenges, communication strategies and three open-ended questions regarding the importance of intercultural knowledge, skills and attitudes. Twenty hotel employees working in the Front Office and Food and Beverage departments were selected as participants through purposive sampling from 3–4-star hotels in Chiang Mai. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation, while qualitative responses from the open-ended questions were analyzed using content analysis. The research findings revealed that 1) both less experienced and highly experienced hotel employees demonstrated a very high overall level of ICC, with attitudes and knowledge receiving the highest mean scores, while highly experienced employees showed stronger skills of discovery and interaction 2) highly experienced employees reported fewer intercultural communication challenges, with difficulties in understanding different accents and pronunciation, limited speaking fluency and unfamiliarity with technical vocabulary being the most common problems, particularly among less experienced employees and 3) both groups reported a high level of strategy use, with simple words and short sentences, confirmation checks and summarizing or rephrasing key points being the most frequently used strategies to overcome intercultural misunderstandings.

Mediating Effects of Teacher Motivation and Teacher Self-Efficacy on the Relationship Between Transformational Leadership and English Language Teaching Outcomes in Private Universities in Hainan Province

Xi Zi — 2026-08-25

This research consists purposes were 1. to determine the components and indicators of teacher motivation, teacher self-efficacy, transformational leadership and English language teaching outcomes 2. to develop measurement and structural models of teacher motivation, teacher self-efficacy, transformational leadership and English language teaching outcomes and 3. to decompose the mediating effects of teacher motivation and teacher self-efficacy on the relationship between transformational leadership and English language teaching outcomes. The research sample consisted of 398 full-time English language teachers from 11 private universities in Hainan Province, selected through proportional stratified random sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings revealed that 1) transformational leadership comprised 4 components and 16 indicators, teacher motivation comprised 3 components and 12 indicators, teacher self-efficacy comprised 3 components and 12 indicators and English language teaching outcomes comprised 5 components and 20 indicators 2) the structural model demonstrated an excellent fit with the empirical data (χ²/df = 1.100, CFI = 0.996, TLI = 0.996, RMSEA = 0.016) and 3) transformational leadership significantly influenced teacher motivation (β = 0.606), teacher self-efficacy (β = 0.270), and English language teaching outcomes (β = 0.316). Teacher motivation significantly influenced teacher self-efficacy (β = 0.460) and English language teaching outcomes (β = 0.268), while teacher self-efficacy significantly influenced English language teaching outcomes (β = 0.361). Furthermore, teacher motivation and teacher self-efficacy demonstrated significant individual and serial mediating effects on the relationship between transformational leadership and English language teaching outcomes.