The PALESTINIAN–ISRAELI CONFLICT: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND, PERSISTENCE OF VIOLENCE, AND GUIDELINES FOR A PERMANENT PEACE”

Abstract

The objectives of this academic article were to: 1) present the origins of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, and 2) propose for permanent peace in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict.
The analysis reveals that the conflict has roots in the Zionist movement, Jewish immigration, the Balfour Declaration, and the British colonial era, leading to the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 and the 1967 war, which led to Israel's occupation of the West Bank and Gaza. The establishment of Jewish settlements in the occupied territories is a key factor in intensifying contemporary tensions, while the Second Intifada and the Gaza conflict weakened the “Two-State Solution”, resulting in significant civilian casualties. Internationally, the United Nations has issued resolutions condemning Israel, while the United States supports Israel and exercises veto power. The European Union supports the Two-State Solution, while the Muslim world and the BDS movement have applied pressure, but with limited success.

The guidelines for permanent peace include the Two-State Solution based on the 1967 borders, an end to the settlements and blockade of Gaza, the recognition of refugee rights under UNGA Resolution 194, the just treatment of Jerusalem, the establishment of international security mechanisms, the promotion of peace education, support for civil society and youth, and the resumption of negotiations without preconditions and reducing incitement through the media along with regional economic cooperation