ข้อความคิดบางประการที่ได้จากการวิเคราะห์สถานะทางกฎหมายและลักษณะการดำเนินงานของตลาดหลักทรัพย์ในต่างประเทศ

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วรพล มาลสุขุม

บทคัดย่อ

ลักษณะการดำเนินงานโดยธรรมชาติของตลาดหลักทรัพย์ (exchange) ในประเทศต่าง ๆ มีความเจือปนระหว่างการดำเนินงานที่ส่งผลต่อสังคมส่วนรวมและเศรษฐกิจของประเทศ และการประกอบธุรกิจเป็นศูนย์กลางการซื้อขายแลกเปลี่ยนหลักทรัพย์ระหว่างผู้ลงทุน ซึ่งต้องการความรวดเร็วคล่องตัวในการดำเนินการแบบเอกชน การนี้ก่อให้เกิดปัญหาพึงศึกษาวิจัยทางกฎหมายว่าตลาดหลักทรัพย์ (exchange) มีสถานะทางกฎหมายอย่างไร บทความวิจัยนี้เสนอผลการศึกษาวิจัยสถานะทางกฎหมายและลักษณะการดำเนินงานในเชิงโครงสร้าง ภาพรวม ประวัติความเป็นมาโดยสังเขป การจัดตั้ง การได้มาซึ่งทุนในการบริหารงาน การส่งเงินรายได้เข้ารัฐ การจัดซื้อจัดจ้างและการได้มาซึ่งพัสดุ การจ่ายภาษี การจัดทำบัญชี ความเป็นเจ้าของ โครงสร้างการบริหาร การจ้างแรงงาน การใช้อำนาจ การถูกควบคุมโดยองค์กรตรวจสอบการเงินของรัฐ และการถูกควบคุมโดยองค์กรผู้ควบคุมกฎทางการเงินของตลาดหลักทรัพย์ในประเทศเกาหลีใต้ ประเทศสิงคโปร์ ประเทศจีน ประเทศมาเลเซีย ประเทศเยอรมนี ประเทศเวียดนาม และประเทศในกลุ่ม Euronext จากนั้น จึงนำเสนอข้อความคิดบางประการที่ได้จากการวิเคราะห์เปรียบเทียบสถานะทางกฎหมายและลักษณะการดำเนินงานของตลาดหลักทรัพย์ในต่างประเทศดังที่ศึกษาเหล่านี้ ได้แก่ รูปแบบหน่วยงานที่ดำเนินกิจการตลาดหลักทรัพย์ในต่างประเทศ ข้อวิเคราะห์คุณสมบัติที่บ่งความเป็นหน่วยงานเอกชนของตลาดหลักทรัพย์ในต่างประเทศ ข้อวิเคราะห์คุณสมบัติที่บ่งความเป็นหน่วยงานของรัฐของตลาดหลักทรัพย์ในต่างประเทศ และข้อวิเคราะห์คุณสมบัติที่ไม่อาจบ่งความเป็นหน่วยงานเอกชนหรือหน่วยงานของรัฐของตลาดหลักทรัพย์ในต่างประเทศได้

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เกรียงไกร เจริญธนาวัฒน์, หลักพื้นฐานกฎหมายมหาชน, พิมพ์ครั้งที่ 8 (กรุงเทพมหานคร: วิญญูชน, 2565)

ชาญชัย แสวงศักดิ์, รัฐและนิติบุคคลมหาชน, พิมพ์ครั้งที่ 2 (กรุงเทพมหานคร: วิญญูชน, 2565)

สุรพล นิติไกรพจน์ และคณะ, หลักกฎหมายปกครองฝรั่งเศส, (กรุงเทพมหานคร: สถาบันวิจัยและให้คำปรึกษาแห่งมหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์, 2545)