China’s Rules on Cross-border Data Transfers : A Case Study from International Economic Law Perspective
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Abstract
From 2016, China has tightened control over cross-border data flow by implementing strict rules in which entities that meet certain conditions must seek approval from the Cyberspace Administration of China for outbound data transfer. From our research on international economic agreements that China has joined including the WTO framework (especially GATS) and the RCEP or on international economic agreements that China has requested to join including the CPTPP and the DEPA, we found that these agreements are unable to regulate or incentivize China to readjust its stringent domestic policies on cross-border data transfers. This finding points to the divergence between China’s approach on cross-border data regulation that puts emphasis on national security and cyber sovereignty and the emergent international approach led by the US that seeks to encourage free flow of data across borders.
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