Protective Measures on Children’s Right to Privacy: A Case Study of Targeted Advertisement in Thailand
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Targeted advertisement impacts children’s right to privacy through online behavioral tracking, unlawful collection, use, or disclosure of personal data, profiling, or presenting advertisements personalised to children’s specific needs or characteristics. This can influence children’s thoughts or manipulate their desires for economic, social, political, or other gains. Children, as a vulnerable group in society, may have limited knowledge and understanding of digital technology and online networks, and may not possess necessary media literacy to evaluate advertisements. This leaves them vulnerable to easily becoming targets of privacy interference and exploitation through such practices. A review of existing Thai laws reveals that they may be inadequate in protecting children’s privacy from targeted advertisement, as compared to international standards. Therefore, this article aims to explore legal measures appropriate for the current circumstances that would better protect children’s right to privacy, in accordance with Thailand’s obligations under international law.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The copyright in this website and the material on this website (including without limitation the text, computer code, artwork, photographs, images, music, audio material, video material and audio-visual material on this website) is owned by Chulalongkorn University Law Journal and its licensors.
1. Chulalongkorn University Law Journal grants to you a worldwide non-exclusive royalty-free revocable license to:
- view this website and the material on this website on a computer or mobile device via a web browser;
- copy and store this website and the material on this website in your web browser cache memory; and
- print pages from this website for your use.
- All articles published by Chulalongkorn University Law Journal are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. This permits anyone to copy, redistribute, remix, transmit and adapt the work provided the original work and source is appropriately cited.
2. Chulalongkorn University Law Journal does not grant you any other rights in relation to this website or the material on this website. In other words, all other rights are reserved. For the avoidance of doubt, you must not adapt, edit, change, transform, publish, republish, distribute, redistribute, broadcast, rebroadcast or show or play in public this website or the material on this website (in any form or media) without appropriately and conspicuously citing the original work and source or Chulalongkorn University Law Journal prior written permission.
3. You may request permission to use the copyright materials on this website by writing to journal@law.chula.ac.th.
4. Chulalongkorn University Law Journal takes the protection of its copyright very seriously. If Chulalongkorn University Law Journal discovers that you have used its copyright materials in contravention of the license above, Chulalongkorn University Law Journal may bring legal proceedings against you seeking monetary damages and an injunction to stop you using those materials. You could also be ordered to pay legal costs.
If you become aware of any use of Chulalongkorn University Law Journal's copyright materials that contravenes or may contravene the license above or any material on the website that you believe infringes your or any other person's copyright, please report this by email to journal@law.chula.ac.th.
References
หนังสือภาษาไทย
ศูนย์วิจัยกฎหมายและการพัฒนา คณะนิติศาสตร์ จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย. Thailand Data Protection Guidelines 3.0 แนวปฏิบัติเกี่ยวกับการคุ้มครองข้อมูลส่วนบุคคล. กรุงเทพฯ: โรงพิมพ์แห่งจุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 2564.
หนังสือภาษาต่างประเทศ
Broadbent, Meredith. The Digital Services Act, the Digital Markets Act, and the New Competition Tool: European Initiatives to Hobble U.S. Tech Companies. Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2020.
Vaghri, Ziba, et al. Monitoring State Compliance with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child: An Analysis of Attributes. Cham: Springer, 2022.
บทความในวารสารภาษาต่างประเทศ
Ford, John, et al. “AI Advertising: An Overview and Guidelines.” Journal of Business Research 166 (2023): 1-15.
Haenlein, Michael, and Andreas Kaplan. “A Brief History of Artificial Intelligence: On the Past, Present, and Future of Artificial Intelligence.” California Management Review 61, no. 4 (2019): 5-14.
Jaroszek, Agata. “Online Behavioural Advertising and the Protection of Children’s Personal Data on the Internet.” Wroclaw Review of Law: Administration & Economics 4, no. 2 (2014): 56-69.
Macenaite, Milda. “From Universal towards Child-Specific Protection of the Right to Privacy Online: Dilemmas in the EU General Data Protection Regulation.” New Media & Society 19, no. 5 (2017): 765-779.
Milkaite, Ingrida, and Eva Lievens. “Children’s Rights to Privacy and Data Protection Around the World: Challenges in the Digital Realm.” European Journal of Law and Technology 10, no. 1 (2019): 1-24.
Neuwirth, Rostam J. “Prohibited Artificial Intelligence Practices in the Proposed EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA).” Computer Law & Security Review 48 (2023): 1-14.
van der Hof, Simone. “I Agree, or Do I: A Rights-Based Analysis of the Law on Children’s Consent in the Digital World.” Wisconsin International Law Journal 34, no. 2 (2017): 409–445.
Walters, Robert, and Matthew Coghlan. “Data Protection and Artificial Intelligence Law: Europe, Australia, Singapore—An Actual or Perceived Dichotomy?.” American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 4, no. 4 (2019): 55-65.
บทในหนังสือภาษาต่างประเทศ
van der Hof, Simone. “No Child’s Play: Online Data Protection for Children.” In Minding Minors Wandering the Web: Regulating Online Child Safety, Information Technology and Law Series, vol. 24, edited by Simone van der Hof et al., 130. The Hague, 2014.
กฎหมายภาษาต่างประเทศ
Article 1 of General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
Article 1 of Digital Services Act (DSA)
Children’s Online Privacy Protection 1998, §312.1
Children’s Online Privacy Protection 1998, 15 U.S.C. §6502(a)(1)
Article 3 of Singapore Personal Data Protection Act 2012 (PDPA)
Article 5 ข้อ 1(a) of General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
Article 5 ข้อ 1(c) of General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
Article 4 of General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
Recital 71 of General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
Article 14 ข้อ 1 of The Digital Service Act (DSA)
Article 14 ข้อ 3 of The Digital Service Act (DSA)
Article 26 ข้อ 1 of The Digital Service Act (DSA)
Article 28 of The Digital Service Act (DSA)
Article 5 ข้อ 1(a) of Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA)
Article 5 ข้อ 1(b) of Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA)
Children’s Online Privacy Protection Rule, 16 C.F.R. § 312.2
Article 13 of Singapore Personal Data Protection Act 2012 (PDPA)
Article 6 of General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
Article 8 ข้อ 1 of General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
Children’s Online Privacy Protection 1998, 15 U.S.C. §6502(a)(1)
Children’s Online Privacy Protection 1998, 15 U.S.C. §6502(b)(1)
Children’s Online Privacy Protection 1998, 15 U.S.C. §6501(1)
Children’s Online Privacy Protection Rule, 16 C.F.R. §312.5 (b)(2)
กฎหมายภาษาไทย
มาตรา 19 พระราชบัญญัติคุ้มครองข้อมูลส่วนบุคคล พุทธศักราช 2562
มาตรา 21 พระราชบัญญัติคุ้มครองข้อมูลส่วนบุคคล พุทธศักราช 2562
มาตรา 20 พระราชบัญญัติคุ้มครองข้อมูลส่วนบุคคล พุทธศักราช 2562
มาตรา 24 พระราชบัญญัติคุ้มครองข้อมูลส่วนบุคคล พุทธศักราช 2562
มาตรา 26 พระราชบัญญัติคุ้มครองข้อมูลส่วนบุคคล พุทธศักราช 2562
ออนไลน์ภาษาไทย
กรมคุ้มครองสิทธิและเสรีภาพ กระทรวงยุติธรรม. “แผนสิทธิมนุษยชนแห่งชาติ ฉบับที่ 5 (พ.ศ. 2566–2570).” สืบค้นเมื่อ 27 พฤศจิกายน 2566. https://ww2-api.rlpd.go.th/File/Documentcontent/695abd1d-89a1-4f07-5049-08db5034c451/20230509035706.pdf
ออนไลน์ภาษาต่างประเทศ
European Commission. “Proposal for a Regulation of the European parliament and of the Council laying down harmonised rules on Artificial Intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act) and Amending Certain Union Legislative Acts.” Accessed 18 September 2023. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A52021PC0206
Singapore Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC). “Advisory Guidelines on Key Concepts in the Personal Data Protection Act.” Accessed 18 September 2023. https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/-/media/Files/PDPC/PDF-Files/Advisory-Guidelines/AG-on-Key-Concepts/Advisory-Guidelines-on-Key-Concepts-in-the-PDPA-17-May-2022.pdf.
UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC). “General comment No. 7 (2005): Implementing Child Rights in Early Childhood.” Accessed 11 January 2023. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/570528.
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). “Implementation Handbook for the Convention on the Rights of the Child.” Accessed 10 January 2023. https://www.unicef.org/reports/implementation-handbook-convention-rights-child.
United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child. “CRC/C/GC/25 General comment No. 25 (2021) on children’s rights in relation to the digital environment.” Accessed 19 October 2022. https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/general-comments-and-recommendations/general-comment-no-25-2021-childrens-rights-relation.
United Nations General Assembly. “A/73/348 Promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression*** Note by the Secretary-General.” Accessed 19 October 2022. https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N18/270/42/PDF/N1827042.pdf?OpenElement.
United Nations General Assembly. “A/HRC/48/31: The right to privacy in the digital age - Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights.” Accessed 11 January 2023. https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/thematic-reports/ahrc4831-right-privacy-digital-age-report-united-nations-high.
United Nations Human Rights Committee (HRC). “CCPR General Comment No. 16: Article 17 (Right to Privacy), The Right to Respect of Privacy, Family, Home and Correspondence, and Protection of Honour and Reputation.” Accessed 7 April 2023. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/778525.
