The study of “Tang Hao” as an indicator of the relationship between surnames of overseas Chinese in Phuket Province การศึกษา “ถังเฮ่า” เครื่องบ่งชี้ความสัมพันธ์สกุลแซ่ของชาวจีนโพ้นทะเลในจังหวัดภูเก็ต

Abstract

“Tang Hao” (堂号) is a Chinese inscription plaque hung above the door of a house, which serves as an important indicator of the familial lineage and surname relationships among Chinese people and overseas Chinese. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between the "Tang Hao" and surnames among the Chinese community in Phuket. From April to July 2024, we photographed and collected Tang Hao plaques from the Chinese communities in Phuket, Kathu, and Thalang districts.            The study found a total of 111 Tang Hao plaques in Phuket, showcasing 41 different forms of Tang Hao.      The Chinese characters on these Tang Hao plaques are associated with 28 different surnames of the Chinese in Phuket. The identified Tang Hao can be classified into four categories: 1) the place of origin of the surname or family; 2) the settlement of ancestors or families that named the area after their             Tang Hao; 3) unique characteristics of the family, including status, cultural significance, educational ethics, historical prosperity, and the development and evolution of surnames; and 4) family characteristics related to educational spirit. Additionally, one non-standard Tang Hao was discovered. Density analysis revealed that the following areas have the highest concentration of Tang Hao: 1) Phuket District; 2) Kathu District; 3) Thalang District. In conclusion, Tang Hao reflect the existence and significant role of surnames among the Chinese in Phuket, serving as an important symbol of identity and ethnic recognition from the past to the present.