References Styles

Rules of In-Text Citation

Rules of In-Text Citation

To write the contents of a journal, the author has to indicate the sources when referring to some information from the writings of others in any style, such as copying texts directly, summarizing contexts or concepts, etc. These are two ways to write the reference: 

  1. In-Text Citation, it uses the style of Name-Date System citation by the American Psychological Association (APA) criteria, the 6th Edition. The citation format has different writing styles depending on the position of such reference. The writing styles can be categorized as follows:

              1.1. Indicating the contents inserted at the end of the text, it uses the pattern of reference to insert after the text or concept referred by using the following format (author, publication date, page number), as in the example below:  

1.2 Indicating authors' names in the contents, the writer prefers to cite the name or focuses on the authors rather than such contents. It uses the pattern of reference that indicates the authors' name in or before the contents then follows by year of publication, and page number in the parenthesis ( ) and by the text needed to cite by using the style of the author (publication date, page number), as in the example below:

  1. For the main criteria of the in-text citation the writer should know, the descriptions are as follows:

1.1 Citing a document with a single author1.1 In the case of a Thai author, put the name-surname in order if the writing is in the Thai language without adding any symbol. If the contents are in a foreign language published in Thailand or a foreign country, use the only surname and take other titles out such as academic position; professor, or vocational term; Dr., dentist, etc.

(Pleung Na Nakhon, 1968, p. 160)

(Jitsanguan, 2003)

(Suwanagul, 1962, p. 35)

1.2 In case the author has a rank of nobility, title, and priest’s rank, the indication is needed only the last one, by writing name-surname, then separate with a comma (,) and followed by such ranks mentioned. (Surasawat Suksawat, M.L., 1992, page. 130)

 (Royal Prince Chulachakrabongse, His Royal Highness Prince, 1997, p. 500)

(Prem Tinsulanonda, General, 1996, p. 10)

 (Sirindhorn, Her Royal Highness Princess, 1983, p. 11)

1.3 In case the author is a foreigner, write only the surname, no matter what the language is in foreign or Thai language.

(Anderson, 1992, p. 19)

(Fontana, 1985, p. 91)

(Wenger, Étienne, 2004, p. 6)                      

  1. Citing a document with two authors, list both authors every time there is a reference. The word used is “และ” for a Thai, or “&” for an English document, to connect between the 1st person and the 2nd person in case of referring the author’s name in the parenthesis ( ) only, and using the word “and” to connect the author’s name in the sentence, as in the examples below:

(Korapat Suthidara and Jirawut Warin, 2000)

(Anderson & Kennedy, 1998, p. 18)

(Schlacher & Thompson, 1974)

  1. Citing a document with 3-5 authors, for the first citation, if the author is a Thai person, indicate the full name and surname of everybody by separating with a comma (,) except the last author’s name that has to use the word “และ” to separate for a Thai document. If the author is a foreigner, indicate only the surname of every author, and separate such names with a comma (,) except the last author that has to use “&” for English document, as it is in the examples below:

(Nuanchan Rattanakon, Chutima Sajjanan, and Marasri Siwarak, 1986, p.10)

(Pipop Prabnarong, Decha Nantapichai, Suteera Tongkao, Jenjira Kaewrat, Teerapan Julakarn, and Chaiya Chatwechsirikul, 2003, p. 15)

(Annderson, Kennedy, & Fox, 1997, p. 20)

Sorensen, Compbell & Poss (1975, pp. 8-10) stated that …

(Gazda, Balzer, Childers, Nealy, Phelps, & Walters, 2005)

                              For the later reference, name only the 1st author, followed by the word“และคณะฯ, or “และคนอื่นๆ” for the Thai language. If the document is in English, use the word “et al.” or “and others” for example:

The 1st citation:

Case, Borgman, and Meadow (1986, p. 31) stated...

Next citation:

Writing is one way of making meaning from experience for ourselves and others (Case et al., 1986, p. 31)...

  1. Citing a document with six authors or more, for every time of the citation, in case of six authors or more, indicate only the 1st author, followed by the word of “และคณะ” or “และคนอื่นๆ” for a Thai document, and the “et al.” for an English document, as in the example below: 

                                        (Nopparat Setthakul et.al., 2009)

                                       (Watson et al., 2003, pp. 201-225)

Rules for Writing Reference Lists 

  1. Writing a reference list for general books

Sample

Gibaldi, J. (1988). The MILA handbook for writers of research paper (3rd ed). New York, NY: Modern Language Association of America.

Sodsi Thaithong and Geoffrey, B. (1982). Malaria parasites. Bangkok, Thailand: Chulalongkorn University.

The second line onwards of each reference list has to be indented about 1.6 centimeters.

  1. Writing a reference list of newspapers on the special occasion

Sample

Joy Nantiwatcharin, M.L. (1998). Jor to Joy. Bangkok: [n.p.]. (Printed in the Royal Cremation Ceremony of Assistant Professor Dr. M.L. Joy Nantiwatcharin, December, 1998).

Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University. The 15th Anniversary of Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University. (Printed on the 15th anniversary of School of Liberal Arts, Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University).

  1. Writing a reference list of the book article 

Sample

Nangnoi Jaionnom. (1996). Unit 8 Concept of Accounting Information System. In Financial Reporting Accounting Information System. (pp. 343-376). Nonthaburi: School of Management Science, Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University.

Saowani Chumdermpadetsuk. (1991). Treatment of Acute Asthmatic Attacks in Children. In Clinical Immunology and Allergy. (pp. 99-103). Bangkok: The Royal College Pediatricians of Thailand and Pediatric Society of Thailand.

Baker, F. M. & Light, O. B. (1993). Psychiatric Care of Ethnic Elders. In A. C. Gaw (Ed.). Culture, Ethnicity, and Mental illness. (pp. 517-552), Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

Roy, A. (1995). Psychiatric Emergencies. In H. I. Kaplan and B. J. Stock (Eds.), Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry (6th ed., pp. 739-1749). Baltimore, MD: William & Wilkins.

Sloan, W. (1978). Services. In Myra Nadler (Ed.), How to Start an Audiovisual Collection. (pp. 58-66). Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press.

  1. Writing a reference list of articles from journals, magazines, newspapers, and encyclopedias

Sample

Article with a single author

Kulthida Tuamsuk. (1995). General Information Sources on Internet. Humanities and Social Sciences, 13(2), 1-13.

Wicharn Techitdheera. (1997). Unity and Life. Journal of Science Ladkrabang,7(3), 12-15.

 Jayasankaran, S. (1997). Smoke in your eyes. Review, 14(8), 20-22

Roy, A. (1982). Suicide in chronic schizophrenia. British Journal of Pshchiatry, 141, 171-177. 

Article with two authors

Chakrit Noranitipadungkarn and Tawee Suanmalee. (1976), Financial Ability of Municipality; Case Study of Bangkok Metropolitan Municipality Changed to be Bangkok Metropolis. NIDA Development Journal,16 (April 1976), 231-254.

Hamed, G. R. & W. Preechatiwong. (2003). Peel Strength of Uncrosslinked Styrenebutadiene Rubber Adhered to Polyester Film. The Journal of Adhesion, 79, 327-348.

Article with 3-7 authors

Rangsri Adulyanubap, Mongkol Techakumphu, and Chainarong Lohachit. (1998). Repeat Stimulation in Thai Native Calf by Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH). Wetchasan Sattawaphaet Journal, 28 59-56.

Baldwin, C. M., Bevan, C., & Beshalske, a. (2000). At-risk Minority Populations In a Church-based Clinic: Communicating Basic Needs. Journal of Multicultural Nursing & Health, 6(2), 26-28.

Yawn. B. F., algatt-Bergstrom, P. J., Yawn, R. A., Wollan, P., Greco, M., Bleason, M., & Leona Markson. (2000). An in-school CD-ROM Asthma Education Program. Journal of School Health, 70, 153-157.

Article with 8 authors onwards

Adebambo, A. O., Adeleke, M. A., Whetto, M., Peters, S. O. lkeobi, C. O. N.
Ozoje, M. O, … Adebambo, A. (2010). Combining Abilities of Carcass Traits Among Pure and Crossbred Meat Type Chickens. International Journal of Poultry Science, 9(8), 777-783.

  1. A Reference list for thesis 

Sample

Chopen Nuankhao. (2005). Relationship between Change of Ecologic System and Production Plan and Food Consumption Culture: Case Study of Kanabnark Village, Pak Panang district, Nakhonsrithammarat Province.  (Master’s  Thesis, Walailak University).

Kiatkamjorn Kusol. (2000). The Causal Structural Relationship Model of Factors Influencing Leadership of Deans in Government Higher Education Institutions under the Ministry of University Affairs. (Honorary Doctorate Thesis, Chulalongkorn University).

Dewstow, R. A. (2006). Using the Internet to Enhance Teaching at the University of Waikato. (Master’s thesis, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand).

  1. Writing a reference list from the minutes

 Sample

Suchon Tangtaweewipat and Boonlom Cheva-Isarakul. (1990). Layer Chickens; Quails; Sunflower Seed; Proteins; Energy Value; Feeds; Ingredients; Feed Intake; Laying Performance; Production Costs. In the 28th Academic Conference Report of Kasetsart University (Animal Sciences and Fisheries Program) (pp. 47-59). Bangkok: Kasetsart University.

Muller, A. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2001). The Mind’s Outer Eye. In Alaska Symposium on Perspectives. Vol. 43: Perspectives on Perspective (pp. 237-288). Fairbanks, AK: University of Alaska Press. 

Meeting Document neither Publicized nor Presented in the Meeting 

Sample

Lichstein, K. L., Johnson, R. S., Womack, T. D., Dean, J. E., & Childers, C. K. (1990, June). Relaxation Therapy for Poly-pharmacy Use in Elderly Insomniacs and Noninsomniacs. In T. L. Rosenthal (Chair), Reducing Medication in Geriatric Populations. Symposium Conducted at the Meeting of the First International Congress of Behavioral Medicine, Uppsala, Sweden.

Research Report

Sample

Narong Boonsuaykwan, Somjai Pimol, Piroj Nuannum, Nuson Song-iat, Rachada Kotchasaengsan and Khajornyut Ajjikul. (2004). Ecotourism Network Management in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province  (Research Report). Nakhon Si Thammarat Province: Walailak University.

  1. Writing a Reference list of electronic information

    7.1 The article retrieved from an electronic journal and it does not have the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) number, add the URL of the webpage of that publication Title without adding the address deep to the article or database, as in an example below:

Sample

Cadigan, J., Schmitt, P., Shupp, R., & Swope, K. (2011, January). The holdout problem and Urban Sprawl: Experimental Evidence. Journal of Urban Economics. 69(1), 72. Retrieved from http://journals.elsevier.com/00941190/journal-of-urban-economics/

Venables, D. (2000). How to Avoid Search Engines. Internet Newsletter for Lawyers, (2000, January-February). Retrieved from http://www.venables.co.uk/n0001jav.htm#section9

7.2 Article in a magazine publicized in the electronic format

Sample

Seksan Prasertkul (2010, September). Human Beings and Nature have to Live Together to Survive: Speech on the Ocasion of 20 Years from the Passing of Seub Nakhasathien. Documentary, 26(307), 1-2, retrieved from http://www.sarakadee.com/web/ Modules.php?name=Sections&op=viewarticle&artid=1047

Novotney, A. (2010, January). Integrated Care is Nothing New for These Psychologists. Monitor on Psychology, 41(1), Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/monitor

7.3 Documents in the website

Sample

Punyawan Jitprakong (2011). Evoluation of Myanmar Politics. Retrieved from http://www.midnightuniv.org/category/politics

GVU. 8th www user survey. (n.d.) retrieved from http://www.cc.gatech.edu/gvu/user_surveys/survey-1997-10/