Sustainable Landscape and Facilities Development to Support Wildlife Tourism in Nature Conservation Areas

Abstract

This academic article aims to study and present the findings of a literature review concerning the development of landscapes and facilities for wildlife tourism. The focus is on planning, designing, and managing landscapes and facilities sustainably in nature conservation areas. The study covers information from related research, including case studies from both international and Thai contexts. The findings indicate that factors influencing the location of activity areas and the development of landscapes and facilities include: (1) the potential and value of the physical environment of the tourist sites, (2) the temporal habitat context, (3) the types and species of wildlife, (4) the motivations, needs, and experiences of tourists, and (5) tourist safety. The planning, development, and design of landscapes and facilities for wildlife tourism should emphasize the following concepts: (1) Zoning and landscape planning should focus on preserving the natural environment, minimizing wildlife disturbance, and enhancing the tourist experience. (2) The selection of native vegetation that thrives in the area should be prioritized, especially plants that serve as food and habitat for wildlife, as well as the conservation and propagation of existing local plants. (3) Landscape and facility design should harmonize with and promote the spirit and values of the original landscape, ensuring usability without affecting wildlife or the natural environment. This includes the selection of construction technologies, materials, colors, architectural styles, and the use of topography and vegetation for enhancement or concealment. (4) The design of public utility systems should blend with the environment, using natural energy sources and low-power lighting to reduce impacts on wildlife and the natural surroundings.