The Impact of the Spatial-Cultural Elements of Fujian Tulou on University Dormitory Identity

Abstract

Fujian Tulou are multi-story, enclosed buildings with distinct inner and peripheral zoning and strong cultural significance, which have long provided their residents with a sense of security, clan support, and a vessel of collective memory. It is thus considered that drawing inspiration from spatial-cultural elements of Tulou in the design of college dormitories helps enhance students' sense of safety, increase their social opportunities, and finally foster their dormitory identity. But current practices indicate that a mere replication in form cannot necessarily ensure long-term identity; more research is needed to clarify the relationship between morphology, experience, and governance. To address this problem, we integrated three theories—Maslow's hierarchy of needs, environmental psychology, and place attachment—to propose an initial theoretical model of "physical conditions → experiential process → emotional connection → identity formation." Then, we identified six key spatial-cultural elements from existing Tulou literature and conducted qualitative comparative studies on three Tulou-inspired dormitory cases. Our research results showed that typical Tulou spatial-cultural features possess the potential to promote dormitory identity, but only when supported by proper management and regular communal and cultural activities can this potential translate into long-term identity. Accordingly, we made actionable recommendations for design, management, and policy making to achieve sustained dormitory identity among students.