Publication Ethics

Authors must submit original work that has not been previously published elsewhere.
Authors must properly and completely cite the works of others when referencing them in their own manuscript.
All listed authors must have contributed significantly to the manuscript.
Authors must ensure that the manuscript adheres to the required format, presents factual accuracy, and includes complete disclosure of funding sources.
Authors are solely responsible for the content and all components of the manuscript.
Authors must clearly declare any conflicts of interest.
The decision of the editorial board is final.

Upon manuscript submission, the editor is responsible for selecting, appointing, and coordinating with qualified reviewers in the relevant field. If revisions or further suggestions are needed, the editor shall coordinate with the authors to improve the quality of the manuscript.
Editors must maintain confidentiality and not disclose any information about authors or reviewers during the editorial process.
Editors decide on manuscript acceptance based on a structured peer review process in alignment with the journal’s policies.
Editors must not accept manuscripts that have already been published elsewhere.
Editorial decisions must be based on reviewers’ recommendations and an evaluation of the validity and clarity of supporting evidence provided by the authors.
Editors must rigorously check for plagiarism. If plagiarism is detected at any stage, the review process will be halted and the author will be contacted for clarification, which may lead to rejection.
Editors must not have any conflicts of interest with authors, reviewers, or any individuals related to the manuscript.
The decision of the editorial board is final.

Duties of Reviewers

Reviewers are responsible for evaluating manuscripts assigned by the editor. Their role is to assess the academic value and relevance of the work and to provide constructive suggestions that enhance the quality, structure, and content of the manuscript for both the author and the readers.
Each manuscript will be reviewed by at least two reviewers.
Reviewers must maintain strict confidentiality and not disclose any information related to the manuscript during the review process.
Reviewers must not have any conflicts of interest with the authors, such as personal relationships, joint projects, or affiliations that may compromise their objectivity. If any conflict arises, the reviewer must inform the editor and decline the review.
Reviewers must only evaluate manuscripts in their field of expertise, and base their evaluations on credible evidence.
Reviewers play a role in identifying duplicate submissions or overlapping content. Any suspected duplication should be reported to the editor.
The decision of the editorial board is final.