Scale Development of Barriers to Low Carbon Tourism in Thailand
Keywords:
Low carbon tourism, Barriers to low carbon tourism, Scale developmentAbstract
This research aims to develop a scale development of Barriers to low carbon tourism in Thailand. This mixed-method research collected data through in-depth interviews with 17 key informants and questionnaires from 224 representatives of tourism-related organizations, tourism service providers, and academics specializing in tourism and environmental studies. The results of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) identified three dimensions of barriers to low-carbon tourism in Thailand. The structural constraints dimension comprises seven observable variables, the internal personal constraints dimension includes nine observable variables, and the interpersonal constraints dimension contains four observable variables. The confirmatory factor fit index of low carbon tourism barrier variables in Thailand found that the measurement model was consistent with empirical data well: X2 = 146.746, df = 128, X2/df = 1.146, p = .123, RMSEA = .026, RMR = 030, GFI = .939, AGFI = .900, CFI = .994. All statistical indices met the acceptable criteria, indicating that the model is consistent with the empirical data.
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