Comprehensive Nursing Management of a School-Aged Child with Subpulmonary Ventricular Septal Defect and Moderate–Severe Aortic Regurgitation Complicated by Congestive Heart Failure: A Case Study

Abstract

               Congenital heart disease remains a major cause of morbidity in children worldwide. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is among the most common congenital cardiac anomalies and may be complicated by aortic valve prolapse and aortic regurgitation (AR), leading to progressive heart failure. This case study describes the comprehensive nursing management of a 9-year-old boy with subpulmonary VSD complicated by right coronary cusp prolapse and moderate-to-severe AR, status post VSD closure and aortic valve repair, who was readmitted with congestive heart failure (CHF) and jaundice. Clinical findings, laboratory investigations, imaging results, pharmacological management, and nursing interventions are analyzed. Emphasis is placed on pathophysiology, hemodynamic monitoring, medication management, prevention of complications, and family-centered care. The case highlights the importance of early detection of residual valvular dysfunction, vigilant cardiac monitoring, and multidisciplinary management in pediatric cardiac patients.