CULTURAL DYNAMICS OF ETHNIC CLOTHING AMONG RED KAREN AND WHITE KAREN ETHNIC GROUPS IN MUEANG DISTRICT, MAE HONG SON PROVINCE

Abstract

This qualitative research aims to 1) study the characteristics of ethnic clothing and 2) comparatively examine the occasions and roles of ethnic clothing among the Red Karen and White Karen ethnic groups in Huai Pha and Huai Pong sub-districts, Mueang District, Mae Hong Son Province. Data were collected from relevant research literature and documents, and through
in-depth interviews with 10 purposively selected informants.

The findings reveal that ethnic clothing serves as a symbolic representation of identity for both groups. The Red Karen exhibit distinct differences between traditional and adapted clothing styles, predominantly utilizing red colors and featuring specific accessories such as antique coins and leg bands. The White Karen maintain their traditional dress forms while adapting colors and materials to achieve greater diversity, showcasing distinctive embroidery patterns, particularly on married women's blouses. Both groups have dress codes for women indicating marital status (single and married). Both groups have adapted their ethnic clothing to contemporary times by incorporating modern materials such as synthetic silk and employing more convenient tailoring techniques. The White Karen continue to maintain traditional dress by wearing it in their daily lives, while the Red Karen demonstrate a greater tendency to adapt their clothing to modern society through ready-to-wear garments and wearing ethnic clothing only on specific occasions.

Regarding the occasions and roles of ethnic clothing, both groups select different ethnic costumes according to different occasions. The Red Karen do not wear ethnic clothing in daily life but maintain traditional dress for three occasions: digital media promotion, special activities with external communities, and religious ceremonies for auspicious events. Adapted attire is observed in two contexts: wearing in government offices and cultural activities for auspicious occasions.
In contrast, the White Karen continue to wear ethnic clothing in daily life, particularly for Sunday religious ceremonies among Christians. Conservative dress styles utilizing natural dyes and traditional cotton materials are observed in two significant traditions: funeral and wedding ceremonies. The ethnic clothing of both groups reflects their identity, pride in cultural values, and adaptation to contemporary society according to their differing community contexts.