Pedagogical integration of ChatGPT in French as a foreign language: effects on digital-ethics knowledge and the evolution of learners’ ethical-use practices
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Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) raises major challenges for learning, particularly in terms of critical thinking and digital ethics. This study examines its pedagogical integration in French as a foreign language to promote responsible use among students. Activities were designed to encourage active adaptation of generated content and to prevent passive use of GenAI tools such as ChatGPT. After a four-month course incorporating principles of digital ethics, students expressed an overall positive perception of ChatGPT while also identifying its benefits and associated risks. The results indicate a clear improvement in digital-ethics knowledge between November 2023 and June 2024. At the same time, a significant evolution in ethical practices was observed: students adjusted content, verified information, and adopted a more critical stance. Between June 2024 and June 2025, these ethical reflexes were maintained, suggesting lasting appropriation and sustained learning gains. These findings confirm the essential role of teachers in guiding and regulating GenAI use. They also highlight the need to integrate appropriate pedagogical strategies to fully harness the potential of this technology while limiting its possible misuses.
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