Intégration pédagogique de ChatGPT en français langue étrangère : effets sur les connaissances en éthique numérique et l’évolution des usages éthiques des étudiants
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L’intelligence artificielle générative (IAG) soulève des enjeux majeurs pour l’apprentissage, notamment en matière de pensée critique et d’éthique numérique. Cette étude examine son intégration pédagogique en français langue étrangère afin de promouvoir un usage responsable chez les étudiants. Des activités ont été conçues pour encourager l’adaptation active des contenus générés et prévenir l’usage passif d’outils d’IAG tels que ChatGPT. À l’issue d’un cours de quatre mois intégrant les principes d’éthique numérique, les étudiants ont exprimé une perception globalement positive de ChatGPT, tout en identifiant ses avantages et les risques associés. Les résultats indiquent une progression nette des connaissances en éthique numérique entre novembre 2023 et juin 2024. Parallèlement, une évolution significative des pratiques éthiques est observée : les étudiants ajustent les contenus, vérifient les informations et adoptent une posture plus critique. Entre juin 2024 et juin 2025, ces réflexes éthiques se maintiennent, suggérant une appropriation durable et une pérennisation des acquis. Ces résultats confirment le rôle essentiel des enseignants dans l’accompagnement et la régulation des usages de l’IAG. Ils soulignent la nécessité d’intégrer des stratégies pédagogiques adaptées pour exploiter pleinement le potentiel de cette technologie, tout en limitant ses dérives.
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