Effects of Clove Oil, Stocking Density, and Transportation Duration on the Survival Rate of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.)

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effects of clove oil, containing density, and transportation duration on the survival rate of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) with an average size of 30 g. The research consisted of two experiments: (1) a preliminary trial to determine the appropriate clove oil concentration and containing density, using concentrations of 0, 15, 25, and 35 mg/L combined with containing densities of 3, 6, and 9 fish/L at durations of 3, 6, 9, and 12 hours; and (2) a practical transportation trial using the optimal concentration and density from the first experiment, tested under actual transport conditions for 3, 6, 9, and 12 hours. The preliminary results indicated that clove oil at 25 mg/L and a containing density of 9 fish/L were optimal, providing the highest survival rate without adverse effects (p>0.05). In the actual transportation trial, the survival rate of Red Tilapia ranged between 98.47% and 99.62% across all transportation durations, with no significant differences (p>0.05). In conclusion, the application of clove oil at 25 mg/L combined with a containing density of 9 fish/L is suitable for transporting 30 g sized Red Tilapia for 3–12 hours. This method effectively reduces stress and mortality, enhances transportation efficiency, and provides practical guidelines for fish farmers in Red Tilapia aquaculture.