The 2001 MoU Between Thailand and Cambodia

Demystifying the Koh Kut Kerfuffle

Authors

  • William Roth Thammasat University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54157/tls.277868

Keywords:

MoU 44, Overlapping claims area, Gulf of Thailand

Abstract

The so-called “MoU 44”—an agreement regarding maritime claims that Thailand negotiated with Cambodia back in 2001—has incessantly been in the news of late, particularly November and December 2024. All sorts of allegations have been made, including that the agreement compromised Thai sovereignty and that the MoU needs to be revoked. Despite numerous efforts by the government to quell the uproar and assure the public that the MoU is fine and should now be actively implemented, the public is unsure and remains confused. This Commentary describes the entire state of affairs, explains the legal issues involved, reproduces for viewing the MoU itself along with relevant maps, and ultimately concludes that the various “attacks” on the MoU are without merit but being done for imagined political advantage.

References

“Kerfuffle.” (Vocabulary.com). https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/kerfuffle

Aekarach Sattaburuth. “Government Willing to Explain Agreement’s Benefits.” Bangkok Post (23 November 2024). https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2907247/government-willing-to-explain-agreements-benefits

Aekarach Sattaburuth. “Opposition Wants to Cancel Thaksin’s Joint Resources MoU with Cambodia.” Bangkok Post (30 October 2024). https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2892976/opposition-wants-to-cancel-thaksins-joint-resources-mou-with-cambodia

Aekarach Sattaburuth. “Scrapping Cambodia Pact ‘Not Feasible’.” Bangkok Post (21 November 2024). https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2906297/scrapping-cambodia-pact-not-feasible

Aekarach Sattaburuth, and Mongkol Bangprapa. “Transparency Sought in Cambodia Talks.” Bangkok Post (3 December 2024). https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2913422/transparency-sought-in-cambodia-talks

Chairith Yonpiam. “Activist Seeks Court Action on Thai–Cambodia MoU Deal.” Bangkok Post (26 November 2024). https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2908640/activist-seeks-court-action-on-thai-cambodia-mou-deal

Chairith Yonpiam. “Key Panel Appointment for Negotiation with Cambodia May Face Delay.” Bangkok Post (19 November 2024). https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2904318/key-panel-appointment-for-negotiation-with-cambodia-may-face-delay

“Counter-Memorial of the Royal Government of Thailand.” (29 September 1961). https://www.icj-cij.org/public/files/case-related/45/9253.pdf

“Gulf of Thailand.” Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Thailand

Jones, William J. “Revisiting the Cambodia–Thailand Maritime Dispute: International Law, Politics and Nationalism.” (2024) 27(167) East-West Center. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/385774375_Revisiting_the_Cambodia-Thailand_Maritime_Dispute_International_Law_Politics_and_Nationalism

Larkin, Chris. “Thailand Cambodia Overlapping Claims Area: Is a Settlement in Sight?” (CLC Asia, 9 February 2023). https://www.clc-asia.com/thailand-cambodia-overlapping-claims-area/

“Let the Debate Begin.” Bangkok Post (5 December 2024). https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/2914240/let-the-debate-begin

“Malaysia and Thailand Celebrate 40th Anniversary of Shared Prosperity.” (Royal Thai Embassy Kuala Lumpur, 7 October 2019). https://kualalumpur.thaiembassy.org/en/content/109735-malaysia-and-thailand-celebrate-40th-anniversary-of-shared-prosperity?cate=5d7538ea15e39c1e60003438

“Malaysia–Thailand Joint Development Area.” (Department of Mineral Fuel). https://www.dmf.go.th/bid19/annaul/08.html

Manop Thip-Osod. “Spat Flares Up Over Koh Kut Sovereignty.” Bangkok Post (6 September 2011). https://khmerization.blogspot.com/2011/09/spat-flares-up-over-koh-kut-sovereignty.html

Mongkol Bangprapa. “Bhumjaithai Backs Sea Dispute Debate.” Bangkok Post (2 December 2024). https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2912265/bhumjaithai-backs-sea-dispute-debate

Mongkol Bangprapa. “MoU on Territorial Dispute with Cambodia Clarified.” Bangkok Post (13 November 2024). https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2901053/mou-on-territorial-dispute-with-cambodia-clarified

Mongkol Bangprapa. “ ‘No Progress Made’ by JTC on Cambodia.” Bangkok Post (7 December 2024). https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2915420/no-progress-made-by-jtc-on-cambodia

Mongkol Bangprapa, and Aekarach Sattaburuth. “Thai Govt Under Pressure Over Maritime Deal with Cambodia.” Bangkok Post (10 November 2024). https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/special-reports/2899322/thai-govt-under-pressure-over-maritime-deal-with-cambodia

“Navy Chief Sending Officers to JTC.” Bangkok Post (21 November 2024). https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2905806/navy-chief-sending-officers-to-jtc

“No ‘Secret Deal’ over Koh Kut.” Bangkok Post (12 November 2024). https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2900261/no-secret-deal-over-koh-kut

“Most Thais Clueless About MoU 44, Koh Kut Dispute with Cambodia: Poll.” Bangkok Post (17 November 2024). https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2903596/most-thais-clueless-about-mou-44-koh-kut-dispute-with-cambodia-poll

Rattanasengchanh, P. Michael. “The Role of Preah Vihear in Hun Sun’s Nationalistic Politics, 2008–2013.” (2017) 36(3) Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 63–89. https://doi.org/10.1177/186810341703600303

Schofield, Clive. “Defining Areas for Joint Development in Disputed Waters.” In Recent Developments in the South China Sea Dispute (Routledge 2014). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315818696-6

Schofield, Clive. “Unlocking the Seabed Resources of the Gulf of Thailand.” (2007) 29(2) Contemporary Southeast Asia 286–308. https://doi.org/10.1355/CS29-2D

Somjade Kongrawd. “Thailand Cambodia Maritime Disputes.” (Globalsecurity.org, 2009). https://globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/2009/thailand-cambodia.pdf

“Straight Baseline Claim: Thailand.” Limits in the Seas No. 122 (Office of Oceans Affairs, U.S. Department of State 2000). https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/LIS-122.pdf

“Thai Gov Urged to Drop ‘MOU 44’ with Cambodia.” Thai PBS World (30 October 2024). https://world.thaipbs.or.th/detail/thai-gov-urged-to-drop-mou-44-with-cambodia/55248

“Thailand Cannot Scrap MoU44 Without Cambodia’s Okay: Anutin.” The Nation (4 November 2024). https://www.nationthailand.com/news/politics/40042963

“Thailand’s MFA Clarifies MoU 44’s Role in Thailand–Cambodia Maritime Negotiations.” The Government Public Relations Department (13 November 2024). https://thailand.prd.go.th/en/content/category/detail/id/52/iid/339479

“2001 Cambodia Document ‘Still the Best Way Forward’.” Bangkok Post (13 November 2024). https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2901586/2001-cambodia-document-still-the-best-way-forward

Sources in Thai

Surakiat Sathienthai. Thai-Cambodian Maritime Overlap Area: Problems and Developments. (Security Studies Bulletin No. 92, Intelligence Institute, National Intelligence Agency 2011). https://medias.thansettakij.com/media/pdf/2024/BjcSxq7eTLxq7Qod0I85.pdf?_gl=1*uyp9qv*_ga*MTU3NzkwODkwMi4xNjg1NDE3NjY4*_ga_5G6FRCHQN2*MTczMDc3MTg5OC41MDcuMS4xNzMwNzcyMTc3LjI4LjAuMA

Downloads

Published

30 December 2024

Issue

Section

Commentaries