TEACHER COMPETENCY FRAMEWORKS FOR APPLICATION-ORIENTED HIGHER EDUCATION: A MODEL FROM HAINAN, CHINA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14456/aamr.2025.29Keywords:
Application-Oriented Education, Teacher Competency, Higher Education, Asian Education, Competency ModelAbstract
This study investigates teacher professional competency within application-oriented higher education institutions, contributing to Asia's growing discourse on skills-based education. Focusing on Hainan, China, the research employs a mixed-methods approach, analyzing survey data from 506 educators alongside qualitative insights from interviews. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) reveals eight core competency components: Personal Competency, Resource Integration Competency, Teaching Competency, Practical Competency, Knowledge Competency, Research Competency, Reflective Competency, and Innovation & Development Competency. The proposed competency model stresses resource integration and its reflection of regional economic needs. Findings highlight the need for a comprehensive approach, incorporating industry collaboration and continuous professional development. This study provides a framework applicable to other Asian contexts undergoing similar shifts towards application-oriented education. It offers implications for teacher development, recruitment, and evaluation, fostering sustainable advancement in the region's higher education landscape.
Downloads
References
Adeoye, M., Baharun, H., & Munawwaroh, I. (2025). Transformational Leadership in Education: Harmonising Accountability, Innovation and Global Citizenship. Kharisma: Jurnal Administrasi dan Manajemen Pendidikan, 4(1), 14-30.
Boyer, E. (1990). Scholarship Reconsidered: Priorities of the Professoriate. New Jersey: The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.
Care, E., & Kim, H. (2018). Assessment of Twenty-First Century Skills: The Issue of Authenticity. In E. Care, P. Griffin, & M. Wilson. (eds.). Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills. Educational Assessment in an Information Age (pp. 21-39). Cham: Springer.
Cascavilla, I., Hahn, D., & Minola, T. (2022). How You Teach Matters! An Exploratory Study on the Relationship between Teaching Models and Learning Outcomes in Entrepreneurship Education. Administrative Sciences, 12(1), 12.
Cheng, J., Han, W., Zhou, Q., & Wang, S. (eds.). (2024). Handbook of Teaching Competency Development in Higher Education. Singapore: Springer Nature.
Comrey, A., & Lee, H. (1992). A First Course in Factor Analysis (2nd ed.). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Dan, C. (2019). The Application of Young Teachers’ Competency Model in Human Resource Management. Academic Theory, (03), 133-134.
Diao, J., & Hu, K. (2022). Preparing TVET Teachers for Sustainable Development in the Information Age: Development and Application of the TVET Teachers’ Teaching Competency Scale. Sustainability, 14(18), 11361.
Dillman, D. (2016). Moving Survey Methodology Forward in our Rapidly Changing World: A Commentary. Journal of Rural Social Sciences, 31(3), Article 8.
Dunrong, B. (2022). The educational philosophy and construction path of Application-Oriented Higher Education Institutions. China Higher Education Research, (04), 1-8.
Erdemir, N., & Yeşilçınar, S. (2021). Reflective practices in micro teaching from the perspective of preservice teachers: teacher feedback, peer feedback and self-reflection. Reflective Practice, 22(6), 766-781.
Etzkowitz, H., & Leydesdorff, L. (2000). The dynamics of innovation: from National Systems and “Mode 2” to a Triple Helix of university–industry–government relations. Research Policy, 29(2), 109-123.
Fessler, R. (1985). A Model for Teacher Professional Growth and Development. In P. Burke, & R. Heideman. (eds.). Career-Long Teacher Education (pp. 181-193). Illinois: Charles C Thomas Publisher.
Goh, D., Ang, R., & Tan, H. (2008). Strategies for Designing Effective Psychotherapeutic Gaming Interventions for Children and Adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 24, 2217-2235.
Hair, J., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling: Rigorous Applications, Better Results and Higher Acceptance. Long Range Planning, 46, 1-12.
Hair, J., Risher, J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. (2019). When to Use and How to Report the Results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2-24.
Hall, G., & Loucks, S. (1978). Teacher Concerns as a Basis for Facilitating and Personalizing Staff Development. Teachers College Record, 80, 36-53.
Handini, O. (2024). Contribution of Teachers' Pedagogical Competencies and Professional Competencies to Classroom Management. Research Horizon, 4(2), 1-8.
He, Y., & Zhang, Q. (2018). Research on Competency Model of Innovative Entrepreneurship Tutor in Application-oriented Universities. A paper presented at the 3rd International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, Moscow, Russia.
Hofstede, G. (1984). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. California: SAGE Publications.
Hu, W., & Zhang, K. (2018). The theory and practice of teachers’ professional competence development. Journal of Shaanxi Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 47(2), 139-145.
Kholid, M., Hendriyanto, A., Sahara, S., Muhaimin, L., Juandi, D., Sujadi, I., & Adnan, M. (2023). A systematic literature review of Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) in mathematics education: Future challenges for educational practice and research. Cogent Education, 10(2), 2269047.
Koehler, M., & Mishra, P. (2009). What Is Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge?. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 9, 60-70.
Leiber, T. (2019). A general theory of learning and teaching and a related comprehensive set of performance indicators for higher education institutions. Quality in Higher Education, 25(1), 76-97.
Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. (2016). Understanding the Burnout Experience: Recent Research and Its Implications for Psychiatry. World Psychiatry, 15, 103-111.
McClelland, D. (1973). Testing for competence rather than for "intelligence". American Psychologist, 28(1), 1-14.
Mulder, M. (2017). Competence-Based Education Vocational and Professional Education. Berlin: Springer International.
Obanya, P., Shabani, J., & Okebukola, P. (1998). A guide to teaching and learning in higher education. Dakar: UNESCO Regional Bureau for Education in Africa (BREDA).
Redecker, C., & Punie, Y. (2017). European framework for the digital competence of educators. Brussels: European Union.
Ross, J., & Bruce, C. (2007). Teacher Self-Assessment: A Mechanism for Facilitating Professional Growth. Teaching and Teacher Education, 23, 146-159.
Sahlberg, P. (2011). Finnish Lessons. What Can the World Learn from Educational Change in Finland?. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University.
Sancar, R., Atal, D., & Deryakulu, D. (2021). A New Framework for Teachers’ Professional Development. Teaching and Teacher Education, 101, 103305.
Shulman, L. (1986). Those Who Understand: Knowledge Growth in Teaching. Educational Researcher, 15, 4-14.
Streiner, D. (1994). Figuring Out Factors: The Use and Misuse of Factor Analysis. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 39, 135-140.
Sulaiman, J., & Ismail, S. (2020). Teacher Competence and 21st Century Skills in Transformation Schools 2025 (TS25). Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(8), 3536-3544.
Terhart, E. (2013). Teacher Education in Germany: traditional structure, strengths and weaknesses, current reforms. Nordrhein-Westfalen: University of Münster.
Wyatt-Smith, C., Adie, L., Haynes, M., & Day, C. (2022). Professionalizing teacher education: Performance assessment, standards, moderation, and evidence. London: Routledge.
Yang, G., Che, C., Liu, J., & Guo, R. (2015). Discussion and Practice of Application Oriented Personnel Training System in University. Canadian Social Science, 11(10), 124-130.
Zhang, Y., & Chen, X. (2022). Application-Oriented Higher Education: A Comparative Study between Germany and China. Singapore: Springer.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Authors

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.







