Antioxidant, toxic and cytotoxic activities of Butea superba Roxb
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Published:
Sep 14, 2021
Keywords:
Butea superba Antioxidant activity Toxicity Cytotoxicity Apoptosis
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Abstract
This study investigated total phenolics content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC), antioxidant, toxicity, and cytotoxicity of B. superba ethanolic extract (BSE), which the plant is used in Thai traditional medicine. The toxicity was evaluated using a brine shrimp lethality assay and the cytotoxicity was done through Michigan Cancer Foundation (MCF-7) and prostate cancer (PC-3) cancer cell lines, particularly nuclear morphological changes and Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation. The result found that BSE had low TPC and TFC (87.16 µg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/mg and 38.29 µg CE/mg). The effective concentrations at 50% (EC50) and 99% (EC99) through 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric thiocyanate (FTC) assays were 3,610.10 (EC50/DPPH), 215.11 (EC50/FTC), 7,304.05 (EC99/DPPH), and 401.88 (EC99/FTC) µg/mL, respectively. Lethal concentration at 1% (LC1) and 50% (LC50) were 54.63 and 184.24 µg/mL Therapeutic index (TI) and margin of safety (MOS) assessment of BSE by DPPH and FTC assay were 0.051 (TIDPPH), 0.856 (TIFTC), 0.007 (MOSDPPH), and 0.136 (MOSFTC). BSE demonstrated an antiproliferative effects on MCF-7 and PC-3 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and induced apoptosis and DNA fragmentation in both cancer cells. In conclusion, BSE proposed to develop anticancer agents that could contribute to medicinal benefits.
Article Details
How to Cite
Khanema, P., & Manasathien , J. (2021). Antioxidant, toxic and cytotoxic activities of Butea superba Roxb. Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 26(04), APST–26. https://doi.org/10.14456/apst.2021.48
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Research Articles
References
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[16] Moreno CS, Plaza L, Ancos B, Cano MP. Quantitative bioactive compounds assessment and their relative contribution to the antioxidant capacity of commercial orange juices. J Sci Food Agric. 2003;83(5):430-439.
[17] Huang DJ, Chen HJ, Hou WC, Lin CD, Lin YH. Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam ‘Tainong 57’) storage root mucilage with antioxidant activities in vitro. Food Chem. 2006;98(4):774-781.
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[25] Eumkeb G, Naknarong W, Sirichaiwetchakoon K. The effects of red kwao krue (Butea superba Roxb.) extract on sperm quality and testosterone level in mice. Thai J Pharm Sci. 2013;38 Suppl:120-123.
[26] Cherdshewasart W, Mahapanichkul T, Boonchird C. Estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activities of the Thai traditional herbs, Butea superba Roxb. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2010;74(11):2176-2182.
[27] Chia YY, Kanthimathi MS, Khoo KS, Rajarajeswaran J, Cheng HM, Yap WS. Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of three species of tropical seaweeds. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015;15(1):339-352.
[28] Meyer BN, Ferrigni NR, Putnum JE, Jacobson LB, Nichols DE, McLauglin JL. Brine shrimp: a convenient general bioassay for active plant constituents. Planta Med. 1982;45(5):31-34.
[29] Parra AL, Yhebra RS, Sardinas IG, Buela LI. Comparative study of the assay of Artemia salina L. and the estimate of the medium lethal dose (LD50 value) in mice, to determine oral acute toxicity of plant extracts. Phytomedicine. 2001;8(5):395-400.
[30] Krishnaraju AV, Rao TVN, Sandararaju D, Vanisree M, Tsay H, Subbaraju GV. Assessment of bioactivity of indian medicinal plants using brine shrimp (Artemia salina) lethality assay. Int J Appl Sci Eng. 2005;3(2):125-134.
[31] Manasathien J, Indrapichate K, Intarapichet K. Antioxidant activity and bioefficacy of pomegranate Punica granatum Linn. peel and seed extracts. Global J Pharmacol. 2012;6(2):131-141.
[32] Cherdshewasart W, Sutjit W, Pulcharoen K, Chulasiri M. Mutagenic and antimutagenic effects of the traditional herb used for treating erectile dysfunction, Butea superba Roxb. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2010;74(5):923-927.
[33] Cherdshewasart W, Cheewasopit W, Picha P. The differential anti-proliferation effect of white (Pueraria mirifica), red (Butea superba), and black (Mucuna collettii) Kwao Krua plants on the growth of MCF-7 cells. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004;93:255-260.
[34] Mowatt JH, Dive C, Martinou JC, James D. Role of mitochondrial membrane permeabilization in apoptosis and cancer. Oncogene. 2004;23(16):2850-2860.
[35] Ashkenazi A, Amundson SA, Myers TG, Scudiero D, Kitada S, Reed JC, et al. An informatics approach identifying markers of chemosensitivity in human cancer cell lines. Cancer Res. 2000;60(21):6101-6110.
[2] Pandey G, Madhuri S. Some medicinal plants as natural anticancer agents. Phcog Rev. 2009;3(6):259-263.
[3] Marandi RR, Britto SJ, Ignace K. Antimicrobial and phytochemical analyses of bioactive compounds of Butea monosperma (Lam.). Taub. and Butea superba Roxb. from Jharkhand. Am J PharmTech Res. 2015;5(6):411-424.
[4] Cherdshewasart W, Nimsakul N. Clinical trial of Butea superba, an alternative herbal treatment for erectile dysfunction. Asian J Androl. 2003;5(3):243-246.
[5] Roengsumran S, Petsom A, Ngamrojanavanich N, Rugsilp T, Sittiwicheanwong P, Khorphueng P, et al. Flavonoid and flavonoid glycoside from Butea superba Roxb. and their cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity. J Sci Res Chula Univ. 2000;25(1):169-176.
[6] Ngamrojanavanich N, Loontaisong A, Pengpreecha S, Cherdshewasart W, Pornpakakul S, Pudhom K, et al. Cytotoxic constituents from Butea superba Roxb. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007;109(2):354-358.
[7] Chukeatirote E, Saisavoey T. Antimicrobial property and antioxidant composition of crude extracts of Pueraria mirifica, Butea superba and Mucuna macrocarpa. Maejo Int J Sci Technol. 2009;3(1):212-221.
[8] Mizuki D, Qi Z, Tanaka K, Fujiwara H, Ishikawa T, Higuchi Y, et al. Butea superba-induced amelioration of cognitive and emotional deficits in olfactory bulbectomized mice and putative mechanisms underlying its actions. J Pharmacol Sci. 2014;124(4):457-467.
[9] Eumkeb G, Tanphonkrang S, Sirichaiwetchakoon K, Hengpratom T, Naknarong W. The synergy effect of daidzein and genistein isolated from Butea superba Roxb. on the reproductive system of male mice. Nat Prod Res. 2017;31(6):672-675.
[10] Sunhee C, Kitisri P. The remedy pamphlet of Kwao Krua Tuber of Luang Anusarn Suntatakromkarnphiset. Chiang Mai:Chiangmai Upatipongsa Press;1931.
[11] Chavalittumrong P, Chivapat S, Punyamong S, Rattanajarasroj S, Butraporn R. Chronic toxicity of Butea superba Roxb. Bull Dept Med Sci. 2001;43(3):182-195.
[12] Field FJ, Born E, Mathur SN. Effect of micellar ß-sitosterol on cholesterol metabolism in CaCo-2 cells. J Lipid Res. 1997;38(2):348-360.
[13] Vashishtha A, Jehan T, Lakhanpaul S. Genetic diversity and population structure of Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. a potential medicinal legume tree. Physiol Mol Biol Plants. 2013;19(3):389-397.
[14] Singleton VL, Orthofer R, Lamuela-Raventos RM. Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Meth Enzymol. 1999;299:152-178.
[15] Jia Z, Tang M, Wu J. The determination of flavonoid content in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chem. 1999;64(4):555-559.
[16] Moreno CS, Plaza L, Ancos B, Cano MP. Quantitative bioactive compounds assessment and their relative contribution to the antioxidant capacity of commercial orange juices. J Sci Food Agric. 2003;83(5):430-439.
[17] Huang DJ, Chen HJ, Hou WC, Lin CD, Lin YH. Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam ‘Tainong 57’) storage root mucilage with antioxidant activities in vitro. Food Chem. 2006;98(4):774-781.
[18] Solis NP, Wright WC, Anderson MM, Gupta PM, Phillipson DJ. A microwell cytotoxicity assay using Artemia salina (brine shrimp). Planta Med. 1993;59(3):250-253.
[19] Finney DJ. Probits analysis. 3rd ed. Cambridge University Press; 1971.
[20] Tohsakulkaew C, Khlinsukhon T, Temcharoen P. Principles of Toxicology. 3rd ed. Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. 1996. p. 21.
[21] Hansen MB, Nielsen SE, Berg K. Re-examination and further development of a precise and rapid dye method for measuring cell growth/cell kill. J Immunol Methods. 1989;119(2):203-210.
[22] Manasathien J, Effects of mangosteen hull extracts on bioefficacy and antiproliferation of human breast and prostate carcinoma cell lines. Suranaree J Sci Technol. 2017;24(4):475-488.
[23] Goegan P, Johnson G, Vincent R. Effects of serum protein and colloid on the alamar Blue assay in cell cultures. Toxicol in Vitro. 1995;9(3):257-266.
[24] Manakasem Y. Antioxidation in the red kwao krua (Butea superba Roxb.). Planta Med. 2009;75(09):75PA9.
[25] Eumkeb G, Naknarong W, Sirichaiwetchakoon K. The effects of red kwao krue (Butea superba Roxb.) extract on sperm quality and testosterone level in mice. Thai J Pharm Sci. 2013;38 Suppl:120-123.
[26] Cherdshewasart W, Mahapanichkul T, Boonchird C. Estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activities of the Thai traditional herbs, Butea superba Roxb. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2010;74(11):2176-2182.
[27] Chia YY, Kanthimathi MS, Khoo KS, Rajarajeswaran J, Cheng HM, Yap WS. Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of three species of tropical seaweeds. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015;15(1):339-352.
[28] Meyer BN, Ferrigni NR, Putnum JE, Jacobson LB, Nichols DE, McLauglin JL. Brine shrimp: a convenient general bioassay for active plant constituents. Planta Med. 1982;45(5):31-34.
[29] Parra AL, Yhebra RS, Sardinas IG, Buela LI. Comparative study of the assay of Artemia salina L. and the estimate of the medium lethal dose (LD50 value) in mice, to determine oral acute toxicity of plant extracts. Phytomedicine. 2001;8(5):395-400.
[30] Krishnaraju AV, Rao TVN, Sandararaju D, Vanisree M, Tsay H, Subbaraju GV. Assessment of bioactivity of indian medicinal plants using brine shrimp (Artemia salina) lethality assay. Int J Appl Sci Eng. 2005;3(2):125-134.
[31] Manasathien J, Indrapichate K, Intarapichet K. Antioxidant activity and bioefficacy of pomegranate Punica granatum Linn. peel and seed extracts. Global J Pharmacol. 2012;6(2):131-141.
[32] Cherdshewasart W, Sutjit W, Pulcharoen K, Chulasiri M. Mutagenic and antimutagenic effects of the traditional herb used for treating erectile dysfunction, Butea superba Roxb. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2010;74(5):923-927.
[33] Cherdshewasart W, Cheewasopit W, Picha P. The differential anti-proliferation effect of white (Pueraria mirifica), red (Butea superba), and black (Mucuna collettii) Kwao Krua plants on the growth of MCF-7 cells. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004;93:255-260.
[34] Mowatt JH, Dive C, Martinou JC, James D. Role of mitochondrial membrane permeabilization in apoptosis and cancer. Oncogene. 2004;23(16):2850-2860.
[35] Ashkenazi A, Amundson SA, Myers TG, Scudiero D, Kitada S, Reed JC, et al. An informatics approach identifying markers of chemosensitivity in human cancer cell lines. Cancer Res. 2000;60(21):6101-6110.