Assessment of morphology, ISSR profile, and taxonomic relationship of rough lemon, nasnaran mandarin and kaffir lime
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Abstract
Rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri lush) is used widely as rootstock for commercial Citrus species. Its morphological similarity to C. amblycarpa and C. hystrix causes difficulty distinguishing between the three species. This study aimed to provide a scientific basis for confirming the taxonomic status of rough lemon as a species distinct from C. amblycarpa and C. hystrix, based on morphological and molecular characterization using Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers. A total of 18 samples from three Citrus species were used. Morphological characterization was based on descriptors for Citrus. Observations of plant habit, leaf and fruit morphology generated 49 characters for morphological characterization. This data was subjected to cluster analysis to assess taxonomic relationships. ISSR markers were obtained from amplification of genomic Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) using five primers, which produced 43 DNA fragments with polymorphisms ranging from 33.3% to 62.5%. Results of cluster analysis based on morphological characters and ISSR markers showed clear differences between the species, indicating they have low phenotypic and genotypic variability. Some ISSR markers were found to be species-specific, with potential to be developed into molecular markers for species identification. of the three Citrus species.
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