Valorization of cassava ethanol waste as carbon and nutrient sources for microalgae cultivation
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Abstract
The potential of lipid or carbohydrate-rich biomass production by cultivation of isolated microalgal species i.e., Coelastrella sp. KKU-P1 and Acutodesmus sp. KKU-P2 under photoautotrophic conditions was investigated. The strain KKU-P1 was able to survive at 45°C for 24 h with a 6% mortality rate caused by heat with tolerance of CO2 in concentrations up to 60%. The stain KKU-P2 survived at 40°C for 24 h with a 12% mortality rate and could grow with CO2 concentrations up to 30%. Total carbohydrate contents of KKU-P1 reached 45% in dry biomass while KKU-P2 could accumulate lipid to over 40% under nitrogen-limited condition. Acutodesmus sp. KKU-P2 was further tested with mixotrophic cultivation using cassava stillage as a nutrient and carbon source with no external nutrient supplementation. A stillage concentration of 12 g-COD/L, initial pH 6.0, and light intensity of 7000 lux were the optimal conditions for carbohydrate production yielding biomass with a carbohydrate content and productivity of 28.22% and 278 mg/L.d, respectively. The same conditions but with a lower light intensity of 5000 lux yielded a lipid-rich biomass (28.32% lipid) with a lipid productivity of 137 mg/L.d. The research highlights that isolated microalgae are crucial sources of biomass and can potentially utilize ethanol industrial wastes as carbon and nutrient sources for microalgal carbohydrate and lipid production.
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