Characterization of glycoconjugates in giant freshwater prawn embryos by lectin histochemistry
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Abstract
Lectin binding sites in early and late-stage embryos were studied to discover markers of primordial germ cells as tools to study innate immunity and the defensive mechanism of the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Changes in carbohydrate content of early and late embryos were examined using peroxidase-labeled lectins, Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA), concanavalin A agglutinin (Con A), Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA-I), Ulex europaeus agglutinin (UEA-I), and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). Results were preincubated with 0.2 M specific inhibitory sugars, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (NAG) for HPA, α-D-mannose for Con A, β-D-galactose for RCA-I, NAG for WGA and α-L-fucose for UEA-I. HPA binding sites were predominantly located at the inner embryonic envelope and primordial germ cells, and to a lesser extent, at the yolk and vegetative pole. Nuclei of primordial germ cells responded to HPA, whereas the vegetative pole or pole cells and yolk granules bound to RCA-I and UEA-I rather than to Con A, WGA or HPA. All lectins had detectable labelling on outer shell layers of prawn embryos. In late-stage embryos, the oligosaccharide moieties of cell surfaces on different cells were different; primordial germ cells (PGC) bound with HPA, muscle bound with UEA-I, and nerve tissue bound with WGA, indicating prevention of the action of antigenic agents such as antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral peptide systems as innate immunity. Lectins were used to recognize changes in the location of glycoconjugates during the embryonic development of the giant freshwater prawn. Glycosylation of early and late-stage embryos can be used to predict innate immunity.
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