Cosine similarity measures for Pythagorean fuzzy sets with applications in decision making
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Abstract
Human life is full of uncertainties as they play a crucial role in several decision-making processes. Numerous approaches have been applied to deal with the ambiguous critical decision-making problems. Probably, the most recent approach in this is Pythagorean fuzzy sets (PFSs). These sets are an extension of intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) and are more powerful tool than PFS. The purpose of this article is to introduce some new cosine similarity measures by highlighting the standardized parameters that illustrate PFSs. Several similarity measures have been presented for PFS, however, many of these measures are ineffective in the sense that they have inherent shortcomings that restrict them from providing reliable and consistent results. The measures proposed are flexible and easy to use with a variety of decision making problems. A mathematical illustration has also been employed to check the reliability of the proposed similarity measures. Some real-life applications are also discussed and comparison of the results with the prevailing analogous similarity measures has been done to exhibit the efficacy of the suggested similarity measures.
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