Combined leaf extracts of Vernonia amygdalina and Occimum gratissimum ameliorates cadmium-induced nephro-toxicity in Wistar rats
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Abstract
Medicinal plants have been shown to ameliorate cadmium (Cd) toxicity, which is prevalent due to its ubiquitous nature. Thus, this study examined the effects of combining Vernonia amygdalina and Occimum gratissimum leaf extracts on cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats. Sixteen adult female Wistar rats (120-140g) were separated into four groups and subjected to the following treatment: group 1: control - given normal saline; group 2: cadmium group - received 20 mg/kg body wt. CdCl2 daily for two weeks; group 3: extract group - received 200 mg/kg body wt. of the extract daily for two weeks and group 4: cadmium and extract group - received Cd and extract as in group 2 and 3. Administration of normal saline, Cd and the extracts were done orally using a gastric tube daily for 4 weeks. Cd toxicity in the kidney was manifested via depletion of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) with elevation in lipid peroxidation and serum levels of urea and creatinine. These results were confirmed by the histopathological assessment of the kidney which revealed that Cd-exposure stimulated hepatocellular injuries. The combined leaf extract of V. amygdalina and O. gratissimum, on the other hand, significantly restored CAT and SOD activities and normalized Urea and creatinine Levels in Cd-exposed rats. The results demonstrate that the administration of combined leaf extracts of V. amygdalina and O. gratissimum to Wistar rats orally might give considerable protection against cadmium-induced toxicity.
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