Antibacterial, antioxidant and antidiabetic assays of endophytic fungi isolated from Commelina benghalensis
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Abstract
Seven unique fungal morphotypes were tested for antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic activity using ethyl acetate extract. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated for crude ethyl acetate extracts against pathogenic bacteria such as E. faecalis E. coli, S. typhi, and Sh. sonnei using an agar well diffusion assay. N. clavispora showed a good zone of inhibition activity against pathogens with MIC (5 to 10 μg/mL) and MBC (10-15 μg/mL). A preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis and secondary phytochemical screening was conducted on the fungal extract using standard qualitative procedures that revealed the presence of phenols and flavonoids. In which crude extract of N. clavispora showed maximum flavonoid and phenol content. Total phenolic and flavonoid content for N. clavispora was 11.93 ± 0.15 mg/mL GAE and 43.36 ± 0.44 mg/mL QE respectively. DPPH (78.88%) and FRAP (61.23 ± 0.43 mg/mL AAE) assay were studied as supportive analyses for antioxidant activity. The α-amylase inhibition assay revealed 42.18 % inhibition and showed antidiabetic efficacy. The active fungal isolate N4 was further identified using 18S rRNA sequencing analysis. The volatile metabolites in the ethyl acetate extract of N. clavispora were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) where primary components alpha- methyl 1-adamantanemethylamine, propanedioic acid, propyl, and heptyl urea have high peak area. This discovery suggests that N. clavispora isolated from Commelina benghalensis might be a new source of bioactive compounds. The data gathered has served as the foundation for its use in the pharmaceutical sector in the form of traditional and folk medicine.
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