Anti-α-glucosidase and anti-inflammatory activities of fatty acid, fatty acid ester, and phytosterol compounds from papaya (Carica papaya L.) seed extracts
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Abstract
Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a popular fruit in Thailand with numerous health benefits owing to its high content of vitamins and enzymes, which are associated with the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal tract disorders. Papaya seeds are considered as agricultural waste, and the information about the bioactive compounds is limited by the currently available identification techniques. This study determined the chemical components present in the oil extracts of the Holland papaya seeds. The anti-α-glucosidase activity and nitric oxide accumulation, which are associated with the anti-inflammatory properties, were detected. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify the chemical components in the hexane and ethyl acetate seed extracts. As a result, abundant bioactive compounds, which could be categorised into three groups based on their structure, including phytosterol compounds, fatty acid esters and fatty acids, were detected in the papaya seed oil extracts. Additionally, the extracts produced good inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase, whereas the hexane extract exhibited anti-inflammatory properties without causing toxicity to cell lines. This study provides valuable information that could be potentially useful for increasing the value of agricultural and industrial papaya seed waste in the future.
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