Chemical and biological properties of organic fertilizer products from Azolla and other organic wastes
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Abstract
Organic fertilizers provide essential plant nutrients, energy sources for soil microbes and improve soil quality and plant productivity. This study evaluated the organic fertilizer properties and qualities of Azolla and other organic waste sources. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with three replicates and four treatments corresponding to four different methods for producing organic fertilizers: (1) freshly mixed organic materials, (2) composted organic materials, (3) composted organic materials in combination of beneficial fungi, and (4) vermi-composted organic materials. The results showed that most of the organic waste source materials in the study had good chemical characteristics including pH 6-8, Electrical Conductivity (EC) < 4 mS.cm-1, ratio of C/N < 30, and high macronutrient and micronutrient contents. All organic fertilizer products had high water retention capacity and C/N ratios varied from 7.07 and 11.88. Fertilizer nutrient concentration of total N, phosphorus, and potassium varied from 0.29% to 3.87%, with the highest N content between 2.58 and 3.87%. Total organic matter content ranged from 49.25- 60.66%. The organic fertilizers in this study had a high number of nitrogen fixing bacteria, 7.95-8.20 log10 Colony forming unit (CFU)/g. However, Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. were not found in these fertilizers. Among the fertilizers, the compost and vermi-compost organic products were more nutrient dense compared to freshly mixed organic materials. The vermi-compost treatment had the highest percentage of seed germination, but most of the other organic fertilizers in the study also had good germination when combined with soil.
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