Feasibility study of bagasse lignin utilization as an alternative antimicrobial agent
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Abstract
A comparative study was performed using lignin isolated from bagasse dissolved in ethylene glycol (LEG) at 0.5% (w/w) and lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) as an alternative antimicrobial agent. To target safe, commercial use, the LNP preparation conditions involved a simple dialysis of LEG in distilled water for 24 h without chemical modification. This condition yielded 200 nm LNPs with a zeta potential of -39 mV which resulted in good colloidal stability. The original LEG and the obtained LNPs were further tested for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Similar levels of antioxidant activity from both types of lignin compared to gallic acid were obtained based on DPPH radical scavenging testing. The radical scavenging activity levels of LEG and LNPs were 82.4–89.5% and 82.8–91.4%, respectively. Only LEG exhibited positive antimicrobial activity against 5 Gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis (DMST 15505), Staphylococcus aureus (DMST 8840), Bacillus sp. (TISTR1323), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA; DMDT 20651) and Staphylococcus aureus (DMST 8840)) and 4 Gram-negative (Escherichia coli (TISTR 117), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (TISTR 781), Pseudomonas fluorescens (TISTR 358) and Salmonella typhimurium (TISTR 1469) bacterial strains, with LNPs being less effective. Regardless of the antimicrobial activity, additional market surveying showed that Thai companies in the preservatives business were interested in an antimicrobial agent in the form of LEG instead of LNPs because the former was easier to handle and had a competitive production cost.
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