Bioactive compounds from marine red alga Acanthophora spicifera associated bacteria against diabetic foot ulcer derived bacterial isolates
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Abstract
Infection by extremely drug resistant pathogens increases the risks associated with diabetic foot ulcers and there is a need for new antibacterial agents to treat them. In this study, biocompounds from heterotrohic bacteria associated with autotrophic red alga Acanthophora spicifera were tested for antibacterial and antibiofilming potency against pathogens isolated from diabetic foot ulcers. Pus samples from thirty diabetic foot ulcers from a tertiary care hospital were processed for microbiological examination and antibiogram test. Epiphytic and endophytic heterotrophic bacteria isolated from red alga were screened for antagonistic activity against the extensively drug resistant pathogens using dot plate assay and cross streak assay. Extracts of potential bacteria were tested for anti-pathogenic, anti-biofilming and anti-inflammatory properties. Gas chromatography- mass spectrometry analysis on crude bioactive extract was carried out. Ulcers revealed polymicrobial type infection. The antibiogram study revealed extremely drug resistant extensively drug resistant pathogens in 15% of isolates. Among 28 endo and exo symbiotic heterotrophic bacterial isolates, an epiphytic Bacillus was found highly antagonistic to extensively drug resistant pathogens. Bacterial extract proved bactericidal with minimum inhibitory concentration value of 64 µg/mL for Gram positive pathogens and 128 µg/ml for Gram negative pathogens. The extract inhibited biofilming of pathogens at 1000 and 500 ppm levels. Gas chromatography- mass spectrometry analysis of crude extract revealed compounds having antibacterial, antibiofilming and anti-inflammatory activities. The study suggests that Acanthophora spicifera associated Bacillus may serve a good source of pharmaceutical lead in designing drugs to treat and cure diabetic foot infection due to extensively drug resistant pathogens.
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