Effect of environmental factors on Bacillus sp. and Thioclava sp. for phosphorus removal from saline wastewater

Main Article Content

Rafitah Hasanah Rafitah Hasanah
Tsuyoshi Imai

Abstract

In this study, Bacillus sp. (TR1) and Thioclava sp. (MA3) were assessed for their abiotic adaptability and phosphorus removal efficiency in saline wastewater. The effects of abiotic factors such as carbon source, pH, temperature, and salinity on bacterial growth were examined through a series of batch experiments. Both bacteria used carbon sources such as glucose, sucrose, and CH3COONa for their growth. The pH study indicated that Bacillus sp. (TR1) preferred the pH range of 6–8 and Thioclava sp. (MA3) preferred the pH range of 6–9. Bacillus sp. favorably multiplied in the temperature range of 25–40 °C, while 25–35 °C was preferred by Thioclava sp. Salinity range of 0%–10% was favorable for TR1, with optimum growth observed at 3.5%–5%, and Thioclava sp. (MA3) preferred the salinity range of 1%–10% with optimal growth at 4% but was absent in non-saline water. Bacillus sp. and bacterial combination (TR1 and MA3) showed similar values for phosphorus removal efficiency (100%) at 1.0 mg-P/L total P compared to Thioclava sp. (38.2%). The initial phosphorus concentration of 2.5 mg-P/L in combination showed a slightly higher 72.35% P removal efficiency compared to the individual strains. However, phosphorus removal did not increase, but showed a downward trend with increasing at initial phosphorus. The results demonstrated that when used individually, Bacillus sp. showed a reasonably high phosphorus removal ability than Thioclava sp., and exhibited good synergy when used in combination to remove phosphorus from saline wastewater.

Article Details

How to Cite
Rafitah Hasanah, R. H., & Imai, T. (2022). Effect of environmental factors on Bacillus sp. and Thioclava sp. for phosphorus removal from saline wastewater. Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 27(06), APST–27. https://doi.org/10.14456/apst.2022.91
Section
Research Articles

References

Acevedo B, Murgui M, Borrás L, Barat R New insights in the metabolic behaviour of PAO under negligible poly-P reserves. Chem Eng J. 2017;311:82-90.

Zhimiao Z, Xiao Z, Zhufang W, Xinshan S, Xinshan S, Mengqi C, et al. Enhancing the pollutant removal performance and biological mechanisms by adding ferrous ions into aquaculture wastewater in constructed wetland. Bioresour Technol. 2019;293(17):122003.

Krishnaswamy U, Muthuchamy M, Perumalsamy L. Biological removal of phosphate from synthetic wastewater using bacterial consortium. Iran J Biotechnol. 2011;9(1):37-49.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Quality criteria for water 1986 [Internet]. Washington: Office of Water Regulations and Standards; 1986 [cited 2020 Jun 1]. Available from:https://www.epa.gov/sites/

default/files/2018-10/documents/quality-criteria-water-1986.pdf.

Kotoski JE. Phosphorus minifact & analysis sheet [Internet]. Wisconsin: Spring Harbor Environmental Magnet Middle School; 1997 [cited 2020 Jun 10]. Avialable from: http://osse.ssec.wisc.edu/curriculum/e

arth /Minifact2_Phosphorus.pdf.

Watanabe M, Ohtsu J, Otsuki A. Daily variations in nutrient concentrations of seawater at 321 m depth in Toyama Bay, Japan Sea J Oceanogr. 2000;56:553-558.

DebRoy S, Das S, Ghosh S, Banerjee S, Chatterjee D, Bhattacharjee A, et al. Isolation of nitrate and phosphate removing bacteria from various environmental sites. Online J Biol Sci. 2012;12(2):62-71.

Mirquez DL, Lopes F, Taidi B, Pareau D. Nitrogen and phosphate removal from wastewater with a mixed microalgae and bacteria culture. Biotechnol Reports. 2016;11(C):18-26.

Jiang L, Wang M, Wang Y, Liu F, Qin M, Zhang Y, et al. The condition optimization and mechanism of aerobic phosphorus removal by marine bacterium Shewanella sp. Chem Eng J. 2018;345:611-620.

Welles L, Vazquez LCM, Hooijmans CM, Loosdrecht MCM, Brdjanovic D. Impact of salinity on the anaerobic metabolism of phosphate-accumulating organisms (PAO) and glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAO). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2014;98(17):7609-7622.

Zilles JL, Peccia J, Noguera DR. Microbiology of enhanced biological phosphorus removal in aerated-anoxic orbal processes. Water Environ Res. 2002;74(5):428-436.

Shahid MJ, Surhanee AA, Kouadri F, Ali S, Nawaz N, Afzal M, et al. Role of microorganisms in the remediation of wastewater in floating treatmentwetlands: a review. Sustain. 2020;12(14):1-29.

Shi K, Zhou W, Zhao H, Zhang Y. Performance of halophilic marine bacteria inocula on nutrient removal from hypersaline wastewater in an intermittently aerated biological filter. Bioresour Technol. 2012;113:280-287.

Wang Z, Dunne A, Loosdrecht MCM Van, Saikaly PE. Effect of salt on the metabolism of ‘ candidatus accumulibacter ’ clade I and II. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:1-13.

Oljira T, Muleta D, Jida M. Potential applications of some indigenous bacteria isolated from polluted areas in the treatment of brewery effluents. Biotechnol Res Int. 2018;2018:1-13.

Sorokin DY, Tourova TP, Spiridonova EM, Rainey FA, Muyzer G. Thioclava pacifica gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel facultatively autotrophic, marine, sulfur-oxidizing bacterium from a near-shore sulfidic hydrothermal area. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2005;55(Pt 3):1069-1075.

Chang R, Bird L, Barr C, Osburn M, Wilbanks E, Nealson K, et al. Thioclava electrotropha sp. Nov., a versatile electrode and sulfur-oxidizing bacterium from marine sediments. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2018;68(5):1652-1658.

Liu Y, Lai Q, Du J, Xu H, Jiang L, Shao Z. Thioclava indica sp. nov., isolated from surface seawater of the Indian ocean. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Int J Gen Mol Microbiol. 2015;107(1):297-304.

Hasanah R, Imai T, Kanno A, Higuchi T, Sekine M, Yamamoto K. Screening microorganisms for phosphorus removal in saline wastewater. Pollut Res. 2021;40(2):170-178.

Yusuf RO, Noor ZZ, Hassan MA, Agarry SE, Solomon B. A comparison of the efficacy of two strains of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fragii in the treatment of tannery wastewater. Desalin Water Treat. 2013;51(16-18):3189-3195.

Lindh M. Role of different carbon sources for growth, production and community composition of bacterio- plankton [thesis]. Smaland; University of Kalmar; 2007.

Cao W, Zhang Y. Removal of nitrogen (N) from hypereutrophic waters by ecological floating beds (EFBs) with various substrates. Ecol Eng. 2014;62:148-152.

Akpor OB, Olaolu TD, Okolie EC. The effect of temperature on nitrate and phosphate uptake from synthetic wastewater by selected bacteria species. Br Microbiol Res J. 2014;4(3):328-342.

Wang Z, Luo G, Li J, Chen SY, Li Yan, Li WT, et al. Response of performance and ammonia oxidizing bacteria community to high salinity stress in membrane bioreactor with elevated ammonia loading. Bioresour Technol. 2016;216:714-721.

Munn CB editor. Microbes in the marine environment. 2nd ed. New York: Garland Science; 2011.

Zhang Q, Li Y, Li C, Ku H, Li M, Jia C, et al. Influence of nutrient factors on phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) Bacillus sp. PK1. In: Jiang ZY, editor. The 2017 3rd International Forum on Energy, Environment Science and Materials (IFEESM 2017); 2017 Nov 25-26; Shenzhen, China. Zhengzhou: Atlantis Press; 2018. p. 476-481.

Choi SS, Lee HM, Ha JH, Kang DG, Kim CS, Seo JH, et al. Biological removal of phosphate at low concentrations using recombinant escherichia coli expressing phosphate-binding protein in periplasmic space. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2013;171(5):1170-1177.

Pasayeva P, Gezgin Y, Pekin G, Eltem R. Phosphate uptake performance of bacteria isolated from a full-scale Izmir municipal wastewater treatment plant. Environ Technol. 2011;32(5-6):543-549.

Li HF, Li BZ, Wang ET, Yang JS, Yuan HL. Removal of low concentration of phosphorus from solution by free and immobilized cells of Pseudomonas stutzeri YG-24. Desalination. 2012;286:242-247.

Cho S, Kim J, Kim S, Lee SS. Nitrogen and phosphorus treatment of marine wastewater by a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor with eco-friendly marine high-efficiency sediment. Environ Technol. 2018;39(13):1721-1732.

Roller BRK, Schmidt TM. The physiology and ecological implications of efficient growth. ISME J. 2015;9:1481-1487.

Eom H, Kim J, Kim S, Seob LS. Treatment of saline wastewater containing a high cncentration of salt using marine bacteria and aerobic granule sludge. J Environ Eng. 2018;144(5):1-8.

Chen Y, He H, Liu H, Li H, Zeng G, Xia X, et al. Effect of salinity on removal performance and activated sludge characteristics in sequencing batch reactors. Bioresour Technol. 2018;249:890-899.