Effect of environmental factors on Bacillus sp. and Thioclava sp. for phosphorus removal from saline wastewater
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Abstract
In this study, Bacillus sp. (TR1) and Thioclava sp. (MA3) were assessed for their abiotic adaptability and phosphorus removal efficiency in saline wastewater. The effects of abiotic factors such as carbon source, pH, temperature, and salinity on bacterial growth were examined through a series of batch experiments. Both bacteria used carbon sources such as glucose, sucrose, and CH3COONa for their growth. The pH study indicated that Bacillus sp. (TR1) preferred the pH range of 6–8 and Thioclava sp. (MA3) preferred the pH range of 6–9. Bacillus sp. favorably multiplied in the temperature range of 25–40 °C, while 25–35 °C was preferred by Thioclava sp. Salinity range of 0%–10% was favorable for TR1, with optimum growth observed at 3.5%–5%, and Thioclava sp. (MA3) preferred the salinity range of 1%–10% with optimal growth at 4% but was absent in non-saline water. Bacillus sp. and bacterial combination (TR1 and MA3) showed similar values for phosphorus removal efficiency (100%) at 1.0 mg-P/L total P compared to Thioclava sp. (38.2%). The initial phosphorus concentration of 2.5 mg-P/L in combination showed a slightly higher 72.35% P removal efficiency compared to the individual strains. However, phosphorus removal did not increase, but showed a downward trend with increasing at initial phosphorus. The results demonstrated that when used individually, Bacillus sp. showed a reasonably high phosphorus removal ability than Thioclava sp., and exhibited good synergy when used in combination to remove phosphorus from saline wastewater.
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