Bioprospecting of microalgae as anticancer, antioxidant, and antidiabetic agents
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Abstract
Algae, either macroscopic or microscopic, often grow rapidly across diverse ecosystems. These organisms offer promising potential in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical fields due to their valuable bioactive compounds such as astaxanthin, phycocyanin, stigmasterol, polysaccharides, steroids, and minerals. The bioactive compounds play a vital role in scavenging free radicals by binding to their molecules and targeting damaged cells. Additionally, some reports have highlighted the substantial anticancer activity of microalgae. Cancer, characterized by abnormal cell growth in tissues, bones, and blood, can be targeted through certain microalgal bioactive compounds that interact with p53 and Bcl2 proteins to induce apoptosis in the affected cells. Furthermore, microalgal secondary metabolites exhibit antidiabetic effects by stimulating insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells, synthesizing insulin-like proteins, and mitigating insulin resistance. These microorganisms are potential sources for producing novel green therapeutic agents to combat degenerative diseases. Therefore, optimizing the application of microalgal biorefinery within the pharmaceutical industry is crucial.
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