Experimental investigation and mathematical modeling of silkworm pupae drying using far-infrared radiation combined with hot air
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Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of far-infrared radiation (FIR) power and the position of FIR heaters on the drying kinetics, specific energy consumption (SEC), color, and hardness of silkworm pupae undergoing drying using FIR (at 0, 100, 300, and 500 W) combined with forced convection heat transfer using hot air (at 110 °C). The FIR heaters were positioned in two ways: (1) at the top of the drying chamber, and (2) both at the top and bottom of the drying chamber. The silkworm pupae were dried to a final moisture content of less than 5% on a wet basis (w.b.). Eight mathematical models were analyzed to find the best one for describing the drying behavior of silkworm pupae. Based on the experimental results, an increased FIR power led to decreased drying time and SEC, as well as an increase in product temperature and hardness of the dried silkworm pupae. Drying silkworm pupae using higher FIR power resulted in lower lightness but higher redness and yellowness compared to those dried using lower FIR power. The position of FIR heaters did not have a significant impact on the drying time, product temperature, SEC, color, and hardness of the dried silkworm pupae. The results obtained from fitting the experimental data to mathematical drying models showed that the Page model was the best for describing the drying behavior of silkworm pupae. Additionally, the effective moisture diffusivity (Deff) values of silkworm pupae ranged between 1.13×10-8 and 1.81×10-8 m2/s.
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