Green synthesis of NiO nanoparticles from maize waste for cationic dye degradation
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Abstract
The current work investigates the green synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles (GNiO NPs) derived from its nickel salt using maize waste as a reducing agent. The formation of GNiO NPs was confirmed by techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS). The analysis of UV-DRS spectra indicates an optical band gap of 3.15 eV for the newly formed GNiO NPs. Meanwhile, Rietveld refinements performed using the GSAS package confirm the formation of the face-centered cubic structures with a lattice parameter of 4.173 Å. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination reveals that the as-prepared GNiO NPs have an average size of 41 nm. In addition, energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopy analysis indicates that the GNiO NPs are highly pure and do not contain any impurities. Subsequently, the as-synthesized GNiO NPs are employed as the photocatalyst for the degradation of cationic dyes under UV radiation. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of GNiO NPs towards MB is found to be 85.27%, whereas for RhB it is slightly lower at 74.81%. The photodegradation rate for both dyes follows a pseudo-first-order kinetics with rate constants of 0.0258 min-1 and 0.0213 min-1, respectively.
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