The acute effects of Suryanamaskar yoga and dynamic stretching on anaerobic performance of amateur cyclists

Main Article Content

Suphawadee Kasikam
Sawitri Wanpen
Uraiwan Chatchawan
Wichai Eungpinichpong
Kurusart Konharn

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of dynamic stretching (DS) and Suryanamaskar yoga (SK) on peak power output, mean power output, fatigue index (FI) and cycling speed revolution per minute (RPM) of amateur cyclists. Sixty participants were screened and randomly assigned into one of two groups, DS and SK. The participants in both groups performed baseline and a post –warm up standard 30-sec Wingate Maximum capacity test. The Wingate Maximum capacity test was tested at baseline and immediately after the intervention. According to the findings of this study, a within group DS comparison after the intervention demonstrated a significant improvement in all anaerobic performance parameters (p < 0.05). Only the FI showed a slightly higher average value when compared to baseline. The SK group improved significantly in Peak power output (PPO), Relative peak power output (RPO), and Total RPM when compared to the pretest baseline data (p<0.05). However, when all anaerobic performance parameters were compared immediately after intervention, there was no statistically significant difference between the two approaches. We conclude that, in amateur cyclists, warming up with either DS or SK has immediate benefits that result in higher anaerobic performance. As a result, cyclists may consider using the DS or SK as a warm-up mode before a short cycling race.

Article Details

How to Cite
Kasikam, S., Wanpen, S., Chatchawan, U., Eungpinichpong, W., & Konharn, K. (2023). The acute effects of Suryanamaskar yoga and dynamic stretching on anaerobic performance of amateur cyclists. Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 28(05), APST–28. https://doi.org/10.14456/apst.2023.79
Section
Research Articles

References

Washif JA, Kok LY, Chee CS, Tan ECH. Effects of static, dynamic, and combined static-dynamic stretching on sprint performance, reaction time, and power production in sprinters. J Aust Strength Cond. 2015;23(3):9-15.

Kovacs M. Dynamic stretching. 1st ed. Brooklyn, New York: Ulysses Press; 2010.

Wright V, Johns RJ. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of joint stiffness in normal subjects and in patients with connective tissue diseases. Ann Rheum Dis. 1961;20(1):36-46.

Page P. Current concepts in muscle stretching for exercise and rehabilitation. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2012;7(1):109-119.

Manoel ME, Harris-Love MO, Danoff JV, Miller TA. Acute effects of static, dynamic, and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on muscle power in women. J Strength Cond Res. 2008;22(5);1528-1534.

Yamaguchi T, Ishii K, Yamanaka M, Yasuda K. Acute effects of dynamic stretching exercise on power output during concentric dynamic constant external resistance leg extension. J Strength Cond Res. 2007;21(4):1238-1244.

Loughran M, Glasgow P, Bleakley C, McVeigh J. The effects of a combined static-dynamic stretching protocol on athletic performance in elite Gaelic footballers: A randomised controlled crossover trial. Phys Ther Sport. 2017;25:47-54.

Khare D, Pal D. Comparison between passive stretching and static cycling in male athletes in improving vertical high jump performance. Int J Yoga Physiother Phys Educ. 2017;2(2):35-37.

Bradley J. The acute effects of static stretching compared to dynamic stretching with and without an active warm up on anaerobic performance. Int J Exerc Sci. 2017;10(1):53-61.

Yu SSY, Wang MY, Samarawickrame S, Hashish R, Kazadi L, Greendale GA, et al. The physical demands of the tree (vriksasana) and one-leg balance (utthita hasta padangusthasana) poses performed by seniors: a biomechanical examination. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:971896.

Salem GJ, Yu SSY, Wang MY, Samarawickrame S, Hashish R, Azen SP, et al. Physical demand profiles of hatha yoga postures performed by older adults. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:165763.

Wang MY, Yu SS, Hashish R, Samarawickrame SD, Kazadi L, Greendale GA. The biomechanical demands of standing yoga poses in seniors: the yoga empowers seniors study (YESS). BMC. Complement Altern Med. 2013;13(8):1-11.

Longpré HS, Brenneman EC, Johnson ALM, Maly MR. Identifying yoga-based knee strengthening exercises using the knee adduction moment. Clin Biomech. 2015;30(8):820-826.

Shweta SDP, Riddhi SJ, Yardi S. Effect on muscle-power, aerobic capacity and emotional state after practice of suryanamaskar. Int j physiol. 2014;2(1):35.

Elumalai S. comparative effects of traditional warming up and suryanamaskar as warming up on explosive power of volleyball players. UGC Care Group I J. 2020;10(07):2347-7180.

Manna C, Thander DA. A comparative study of suryanamaskar and dynamic stretching on fast bowling performance in cricket. Int J Appl Res. 2021;7(5):20-23.

Gipson A, Jamaerious J, Colby ER, Grimes H, Coons M. The acute effects of a dynamic stretching protocol on wingate performance. Int J Exerc Sci. 2014;7(4):271-277.

Leon C, Oh HJ, Rana S. A purposeful dynamic stretching routine. Strategies. 2012;25(5):16-19.

Inbar O, Bar-Or O, Skinner JS. The Wingate anaerobic test. 1st ed. Human Kinetics: Champaign, IL; 1996.

Shivakumar DPS. Effect of selected yogic exercises on cardiovascular endurance and lung capacity of secondary school children. J Phys Educ Sport. 2016;14(3):28-32.

Bhutkar MV, Bhutkar PM, Taware GB, Surdi AD. How effective is sun salutation in improving muscle strength, general body endurance and body composition? Asian J Sports Med. 2011;2(4):259-266.

Weerapong P, Hume PA, Kolt GS. Stretching: mechanisms and benefits for sport performance and injury prevention. Phys Ther Rev. 2004;9(4):189-206.

Shikalgar N, Safa A, Rochelle R. Effect of two weeks training of Suryanamaskar on flexibility in college female students. Int J Allied Med Sci Clin Res. 2017;5:928-932.

Bishop D. Warm-up II: Performance changes following active warm up on exercise performance. Sports Med. 2003;33:483-498.

Karvonen J, Lemon PWR, Iliev ID. Medicine in sports training and coaching. Basel: S Karger AG; 1992.

Ranatunga KW, Sharpe B, Turnbull B. Contractions of a human skeletal muscle at different temperatures. J Physiol. 1987;390:383-395.

Earp JE, Joseph M, Kraemer WJ, Newton RU, Comstock BA, Fragala MS, et al. Lower-body muscle structure and its role in jump performance during squat, countermovement, and depth drop jumps. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(3):722-729.

Özdal M. Acute effects of inspiratory muscle warm-up on pulmonary function in healthy subjects. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2016;227:23-26.

Jones B. The effect of different warm up stretch protocols on 20m-sprint performance in trained rugby union players. J Stretch Cond Res. 2004;18:885-888

Manoel ME, Harris-Love MO, Danoff JV, Miller TA. Acute effects of static, dynamic, and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on muscle power in women. J Strength Cond Res. 2008;22(5):1528-1534.

Fletcher IM, Anness R. The acute effects of combined static and dynamic stretch protocols on fifty-meter sprint performance in track-and-field athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2007;21(3):784-787.

Behm DG, Chaouachi A. A review of the acute effects of static and dynamic stretching on performance. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011;111(11):2633-2651.

Yamaguchi T, Ishii K, Yamanaka M, Yasuda K. Acute effects of dynamic stretching exercise on power output during concentric dynamic constant external resistance leg extension. J Strength Cond Res. 2007;21(4):1238-1244.

Bruno F, Signorelli GR, Trajano GS, Costa PB, De Oliveira CG. Acute effects of three different stretching protocols on the Wingate Test performance. J Sports Sci Med. 2012;11(1):1-7.

Fachrul Ihsan M, Purba A, Goenawan H, Satia Graha A, Womsiwor D. (2021). Measurable training program to improve physical performance: literature review. Sportif. 2021;7(2):159-179.

Kamutsri T, Treeraj A, Chareonohol O, Choodam S, Hasup W and Somwang N. A development of physical fitness norms in thai university atheletes. J Sports Sci Technol. 2019;19:69-90.