Mycochemical Composition, Antioxidant Properties, and Cytotoxic Activity of Xylaria papulis Lloyd (Xylariaceae) Mycelia Grown in Static and Shaking Indigenous Liquid Culture Conditions
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Abstract
The search for promising and sustainable sources of secondary metabolites with potential biofunctional activities is important for the possible sources of drugs to treat human diseases. Hence, this study qualitatively assessed the mycochemical composition and investigated the biofunctional activities (antioxidant activity and cytotoxic activity) of Xylaria papulis Lloyd mycelia grown in static and shaking indigenous liquid culture medium. Mycochemical screening revealed the presence of several classes of secondary metabolites, such as phenolics, terpenoids, fatty acid derivatives, alkaloids, and sugar derivatives, in mycelial mat (shaking) and in culture spent (static). Mycelial mat (static) and culture spent (shaking) also contain the same classes of secondary metabolites, with the former including essential oils. Mycelial extracts have greater antioxidant property (≤ 43.19±1.63% RSA) and total phenolics (≤ 47.75±2.31 mg/GAE) compared to the culture spent. Culture spent from shaking condition exhibited cytotoxicity (LC50 = 94.39µg/mL) against brine shrimp larvae. These findings indicate that X. papulis (Lloyd) grown in liquid culture medium can be a sustainable source of diverse secondary metabolites with antioxidant properties and cytotoxic activity. Further, cytotoxicity studies against cancer cell lines can also be investigated for future studies.
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