Multi-Temporal InSAR analysis for monitoring the ground deformation of Mount Sinabung
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Abstract
Deformation of a volcano’s surface is a geohazard caused by volcanic activities and seismicity. Monitoring the deformations serves as a part of an early warning system that can mitigate disasters. Between 2017-2022, Mount Sinabung volcano’s ground deformation was monitored and analyzed using Multi-Temporal Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and spatial statistics. The results showed substantial changes in surface elevation. The maximum monthly inflation was 4.7 cm in 2020, while the maximum monthly deflation was -4.7 cm in 2018. The correlation between the number of monthly eruptions and deformation patterns was very weak at 0.09 to -0.09, which indicated that the volcano’s eruptions did not lead to ground deformation around Mount Sinabung and vice versa. Moreover, the ground deformation at Mount Sinabung did not indicate a consistent or periodic pattern. Some areas experienced higher deformation rates than others, depending on the land cover and underground magmatic activities. The volcano surface has been inflating over the past six years with an average rate of 0.14 cm/year. Data from sample observation points recorded the highest rate of 1.74 cm/year at the mid-slope, and the lowest rate of 0.62 cm/year at the foot of the mountain. The mountain caldera showed a ground surface inflation rate of 1.53 cm/year. The data showed that, despite the absence of an explosive or magmatic eruption since Mount Sinabung returned to activity, its caldera and surface continue to undergo deformations at higher velocities. Future explosive eruptions are expected, and preemptive preparations for potential disasters should be planned.
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