Detection of antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles prepared by Punica granatum
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Abstract
Nanotechnology contributes novel tools to achieve sustainable development in the health sector. Nanomaterials (NMs) interact with microorganisms with various mechanisms, leading to negative or positive effects. This contributes to reducing bacterial resistance to antibiotics and enhances human health. In this study, green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) was prepared from Punica granatum peel extracts of pericarp (per) and membrane (m) in Biotechnology Center at Al-Baath University in 2022. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterized the ZnONPs (per and m). Then, the well diffusion method, antibacterial activity was estimated against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-6538) and Escherichia coli (ATCC-8739). The synergistic effects of antibiotics clindamycin and ciprofloxacin were evaluated in combination with NPs. The results of UV-Vis showed the presence of peaks at 366 and 369 nm for ZnONPs respectively. The FTIR spectra indicated functional groups related to O-H, C-C, C=C, C=O, C-O, C-N, C-H, P-O-C, C-CL and ZnO. The morphological shape and size of ZnONPs (per and m) via SEM were 33-51 nm respectively. Low crystalline was for both ZnONPs in the X-ray spectrum. ZnONPs m showed high activity against S. aureus. ZnONPs per had better activity than ZnONPs m against E. coli. ZnONPs had a synergy effect with both antibiotics. E. coli are more sensitive to ciprofloxacin+ZnONPs (per and m) solutions. The biosynthesized ZnONPs offer probable applications as antibacterial agents. The combination between nanoparticles (NPs) and antibiotics formulates new prospects for future studies and enhances the synergistic effects against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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