Effect of Paraffinic Oil Plasticizer Addition on Kinetics of Rubber Vulcanization Based on Kamal-Sorour and Deng-Isayev Models
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Abstract
Plasticizer is an essential component in rubber compounding, characterized by the ability to reduce compound viscosity, improve the dispersion of additives, and significantly affect processing efficiency and vulcanization kinetics. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the vulcanization kinetics of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) with varying amounts of paraffinic oil plasticizer. The experimental procedures included mixing rubber and additives, followed by compound testing using a rheometer. The kinetic parameters of the Deng-Isayev and Kamal-Sorour models were determined using the sum of squared error (SSE) optimization of the rheological data. The results showed that increasing the vulcanization temperature and reducing plasticizer content caused a decrease in induction time (ts2) and optimum vulcanization time (tc90). Furthermore, the experimental data were accurately modeled using the Kamal-Sorour model. The vulcanization reaction occurred concurrently with the predominance of the autocatalysis mechanism (k2 > k1), while the values of m and n were inversely proportional to the amount of plasticizer. The vulcanization reaction was primarily influenced by the initial reactant compound rather than the catalytic effect on the product reaction (n > m), showing that high plasticizer content increased energy requirement (E2 > E1) for autocatalytic reactions.
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