Decolorization of Remazol Brilliant Blue R with immobilized laccase from Megasporoporia sp. onto spent coffee ground biochar
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Abstract
In this study, biochar was synthesized from spent coffee grounds and subsequently treated with glutaraldehyde for the immobilization of laccase, which was used in the decolorization of an azo dye. The optimal conditions for immobilizing Megasporoporia sp. laccase onto activated biochar (10mg) were investigated by varying the times, enzyme activities, and glutaraldehyde concentrations. The maximum enzyme loading (68.80±2.89 mg/g) with a laccase activity of 16.39±1.35 U/g was achieved by using 1%(v/w) glutaraldehyde as the crosslinking agent, with an initial laccase activity of 40 U/g support after performing the incubation reaction for 2 hrs. This immobilized enzyme achieved a maximum decolorization rate of 95.00% when incubated with 100 ppm Remazol Brilliant Blue R in sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.0) at 50°C for 3 hrs. The thermal stability of immobilized laccase with spent coffee ground biochar (SCGB-laccase) after incubation at 50°C for 6 hrs was significantly higher than that of the crude enzyme with decolorization rates of 79.21% and 53.70%, respectively. Additionally, the residual activity of immobilized SCGB-laccase was 57.64% after being used for six cycles. The degradation product was tested for its phytotoxicity, and it was found that the germination index values of mung bean and sweet corn were significantly higher in the treated dye (77.66% and 64.50%, respectively) compared to those in the non-treated dye (51.88% and 34.89%, respectively). Therefore, the efficiency of immobilized laccase onto activated spent coffee ground biochar for dye decolorization was noted, and this technique could be further applied for wastewater treatment on an industrial scale.
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