Enterobacter species Obtained from Poultry Droppings of Selected Farms in Southwest Nigeria is a Hotspot of Antibiotic-Resistant Genes
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Abstract
This study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance patterns of Enterobacter spp. isolated from poultry droppings in the southwest of Nigeria. Enterobacter species were isolated from poultry droppings of selected farms in the southwest, Nigeria, between February and June, 2019. The isolates were identified by MALDITOF- MS and tested against 20 antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Genomic DNA and plasmids of the isolates were extracted using the sodium dodecyl sulfate protocol and alkaline lysis method, respectively. Antibiotic resistance genes were detected with specific primers using the polymerase chain reaction. Seventy-two Enterobacter spp. comprising E. cloacae (n=52), E. asburiae (n=12), E. kobei (n=7), and E. ludwigii (n=1) were isolated. Antibiotic resistance patterns revealed that all the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, cefpodoxime, and cefixime, while high resistance to cefotaxime (98.6%), ceftriaxone (86.1%), and cefuroxime (84.7%) was observed. All Enterobacter species were multiple antibiotic-resistant, and plasmids were detected in 43.1% of the isolates, and 52.8% harbored at least one antibiotic resistance gene. This study showed that multidrug-resistant Enterobacter spp. are present in poultry droppings in southwest Nigeria, and also revealed that antibiotic resistance genes were plasmid and chromosomally borne in the Enterobacter species, thus, might be posing a serious health threat to humans and animals.
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