Development of Silk Fibroin/Chitosan Sponge for Wound Dressing
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Abstract
Gauze is a traditional wound dressing. However, it often adheres to the wound and is not highly absorbent. To address the limitations of traditional dressings, biopolymers are commonly considered suitable materials for wound-dressing applications. Silk fibroin (SF) is an interesting polymer known for its good water absorption, but it has poor mechanical properties. In this study, chitosan (CS) was selected to improve the mechanical properties of SF. SF/CS sponges were prepared with glycerol as a plasticizer at different ratios of SF to CS: 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, and 0/100 (w/w of dry substances) using a freeze-drying process. Their physicochemical properties were investigated, including chemical structure, morphology, mechanical properties, swelling ratio, water uptake, and porosity, as well as cell viability. According to the results, all SF/CS sponges had suitable pore sizes (28–61 µm). The sponges exhibited high water uptake (90–96%) and swelling ratios (900–2,100%). The addition of CS greatly enhanced the mechanical properties of the sponges. Notably, SF/CS sponges at ratios of 50/50, 25/75, and 0/100 showed increases in tensile strength (0.49–0.65 MPa) and elongation at break (71–190%). However, the 0SF/100CS sponge was found to have limitations due to its low porosity (<60%). In addition, the MTT assay confirmed that none of the SF/CS sponges exhibited cytotoxicity. In summary, SF/CS sponges at 50/50 and 25/75 ratios showed potential as biomaterials for wound dressings, offering advantages in water uptake, mechanical properties, swelling ratio, porosity, and non-cytotoxicity.
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