Use of water hyacinth-based compost to improve the growth and biochemical properties of lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. crispa L.)
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Abstract
Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is an invasive aquatic weed that spreads rapidly and poses serious ecological threats to freshwater ecosystems. Converting this biomass into compost offers a sustainable solution for weed management and soil fertility improvement. This study evaluated the effects of water hyacinth-based (WH-based) compost on the growth and biochemical properties of lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. crispa L.). Lettuce plants were cultivated for 45 days in a planting medium composed of 70% (v/v) topsoil and 30% (v/v) coconut coir, amended with 0%, 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90% (v/v) of WH-based compost. Two commercial soil media without compost served as controls. Growth and biochemical parameters were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and means were compared with Tukey’s HSD test at p < 0.05. The 10% compost treatment produced the highest growth parameters, with a plant length of 27.33 ± 1.53 cm, a root length of 18.33 ± 1.53 cm, a leaf number of 26.83 ± 0.76, a bush width of 28.00 ± 1.00 mm, a plant thickness of 19.23 ± 0.73 mm, a leaf weight of 98.29 ± 1.00 g, and a dry weight of 4.93 ± 0.03 g. Additionally, 10% compost significantly increased protein, carbohydrate, and reducing sugar contents. Overall, WH-based compost at appropriate ratios can effectively enhance lettuce growth and biochemical quality while providing an eco-friendly approach to the management water hyacinth biomass.
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