Enhancing Growth and Bioactive Compound Contents in Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst.) Irrigated with Canteen Wastewater
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Abstract
A medicinal plant, Bacopa monnieri, was grown under different canteen wastewater concentrations for five weeks. Their growth and certain secondary metabolite contents were measured, together with several water and soil parameters. Plants irrigated with 50%, 75% and 100% wastewater had higher biomass than those irrigated with tap water and plant growth appearing to be optimal under 50% wastewater treatment according to shoot fresh weight and root dry weight. The highest secondary metabolites measured as total phenolic contents (1.18±0.11 mg GAE/g dry plant) and total flavonoid content (8.79±1.13 mg QE/g dry plant) were observed in plants irrigated with 100% wastewater. This may be due to the plants irrigated with 100% wastewater were experienced to higher stress factors, such as increased potassium (K) and electrical conductivity (EC), than the plants in other treatments. These results suggest that canteen wastewater could be a suitable option for irrigation, potentially integrating wastewater management with medicinal plant cultivation.
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