Antidesma thwaitesianum pomace extract improves insulin sensitivity via upregulation of PPAR-γ in high fat diet/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats
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Abstract
Objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious disease and a global health problem. An in vitro antihyperglycemic activity of Thai berry (Antidesma thwaitesianum) called in Thai as Mamao has been reported. We aimed to investigate in vivo antihyperglycemic activity of Mamao pomace ethanolic extract (MPE) and its mechanism of action in high fat diet/streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic rats.
Materials and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The rats in the normal control group were fed normal chow, while the DM group was fed HFD (40% lard oil) throughout the experimentation period. At week 4 of HFD feeding, the animals were intraperitoneally injected with STZ 30 mg/kg. Two weeks after STZ injection, treatments were applied for further six weeks, as follows: Group I: distilled water (diabetic control); Group II-IV: MPE 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg respectively; Group V: pioglitazone 10 mg/kg. Following this, fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), serum insulin, HOMA-IR, serum adiponectin, lipid profiles and expression of (PPAR-γ) mRNA in adipose tissues were determined.
Results: All doses of MPE significantly decreased the FBG and improved OGTT as compared with DM-control group (P<0.05). Additionally, MPE (500 and 1,000 mg/kg) significantly decreased HOMA-IR and increased serum adiponectin. Moreover, MPE significantly lowered serum total cholesterol and triglyceride, and elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Interestingly, MPE caused an increase in expression of PPAR-γ mRNA in adipose tissues.
Conclusions: These results indicate that MPE may have an antidiabetic effect, of which it improves insulin sensitivity by activating an expression of PPAR-γ in adipose tissues.
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