Effects of the spirulina platensis and Phyllanthus emblica Linn. extract additional diets on the reproductive maturation of lowland frog (Rana rugulosa, Wiegmann) and its tadpole development

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of diets added with either Spirulinaplatensis orPhyllanthusemblica Linn. extract on reproductive maturation of frog broodstockand its tadpole development. The CRD experiment was applied and divided into 3 treatments with 3 replication each; treatment 1 basal commercial diet (control), treatment 25% Phyllanthusemblica Linn. extract supplementary diet, and treatment 3 5% Spirulinaplatensis supplementary diet. Broodstock were reared in 1.5 X 2 X 1 m3 cement tank. Average initial weight of male broodstock was 191.76 ? 4.14 g/Frog and femalebroodstock was 270.83 ? 4.43 g/Frog. Frog broodstock were induced breeding by synthetic LHRHa, Females were injected with 20?g/kg while males were injected with 15 ?g/kg. ASTOCKING density was1 pair per square meter. Frogs were fed at 3 percent of body weight daily for 8 months. The reproductive index of femalesin treatment 2 was 2.4965?0.0565 percent which was higherthan females in treatments 3 and 1, respectively.On the other hand, male reproductive index of frogs intreatment 1 was0.3165?0.0478 percent which was greater than males intreatments 3 and 2, respectively.After induced breeding, all females, 100.00 ? 0.00 percent, spawned. The average number of eggs in treatment 3 was 2077.50?530.63 egg/dam,the average fertilization rate was 98.50?0.58 percent, andthe average hatching rate was 99.24?0.50 percentwhich were better than ones in treatments 2 and 1, respectively. However, there were not statistical differences in number of eggs, fertilization rates, and hatching rates. The eggs were hatched within 18 – 24 hours. Newly hatched tadpoles in treatments 1, 2, and 3 had average lengths of 2.06?0.40, 2.08?0.52, and 2.06?0.40 cm. Their survival rates were 75.32?1.21, 82.40?0.44 and 86.28?3.09 percent, respectively.There were statistically signi fi cant differences in tadpole survival rates (p?0.05). This study suggested that 5 percent Spirulinaplatensis supplementary diet provided higher survival rates of tadpoles than commercial diet and Phyllanthusemblica Linn. extract supplementary diets. In sum, the Spirulinaplatensis extract supplementary diet could be an alternative method for feed preparation to produce frog tadpoles.